Reminiscences of Glossop 1800 - 1850.


This page is based on a series of articles published in the Glossop-dale Chronicle between 29 November 1901 and 7 March 1902. The author isn't named but the content appears to indicate that it was Robert Hamnett.

Glossop 100 Years Ago; The Starting Point of a Century's Progress; Glossop 1800 to 1825; Interesting Historical Survey; Glossop 1825 to 1850; The Mills and Manufactures; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Religion, Education and Institutions; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Water Supply, Courts and Local Government; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Exciting and Alarming Occurrences; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Comparison of Assessments, etc.; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Peculiar Taxes and Township Statistics.; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Literary Glossop; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Marriage, Funerals and Romance; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Music, Whisky and more Funerals; Glossop 1825 to 1850; More Religion and Education; Glossop 1825 to 1850; First Board of Guardians' Meeting and First Railway Timetable; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Tithes, The Chartists, A Hare and a Cat, Cheaper Beef; Glossop 1825 to 1850; Lords of the Manor, Hague's Endowed School, Schoolmasters.

Glossop 100 Years Ago; The Starting Point of a Century's Progress.

The parish and village of Glossop in the year 1801 presented to the eye a far different aspect to what it does now.

The Lord of the Manor, Bernard Howard, Esq., of Fornham, Suffolk, when granting a lease, made a condition that the tenant should yearly plant a certain quantity of trees in the fields occupied by him, and this condition having been previously enforced by the Lord of the Manor's predecessors. The leasehold land was in consequence well wooded, which was of considerable value and service to the tenant farmers, and formed, along with the well-hedged and winding lanes, the rivulets and streams with their banks of shrubs, a charming landscape view, whether seen from the Hurst on the, east, Gamesley on the west, Bettin Hill on the North, or Whiteley Nab on the south. The mills being worked by water wheels, there were no tall factory chimneys belching forth smoke and soot, obstructing the view of the farmhouses dotted, as it were, on the hillsides and in the valley of Glossop-dale.

Glossop was difficult of access, there being only one turnpike road running through Bridge End to Enter Clough Bridge, with a branch passing through the Spire Holly, Ashes, Hill Top, Bettin Hill, Marley Brow Hill, and Hadfeld, to Woolley Bridge, and connected at the Gun Inn with the road from Manchester and Mottram to Woodhead and Yorkshire. All the remaining roads were pack saddle roads, and footpaths used by the farmers to pass from one farmhouse to another.

Coals were brought from the Chisworth Collieries, then worked by William Thornley, carpenter, Chisworth; his son, John Thornley, cotton manufacturer, Hadfield ; and George Bradshaw, collier, of Simmondley. The coal was of such a nature that it is commonly reported that it took a fortnight to light and three weeks to go out.

Lime for building and agricultural purposes was brought from Marple. To convey the coal and lime a large number of mules and horses were required. As the lanes were so narrow and generally in a bad condition, the use of carts was out of the question. These mules, 20 to 30 in number, were attached to each other by ropes, and having bells on them, their constant jingling warned people of their approach. This method of carriage was expensive, and caused people to go to the Turf Pits for fuel, and the farmers to marl their land. Probably you may have noticed the hollows in the fields ; most of them are old marl pits. The marl (clay) was spread thinly on the land, and the salts it contained was driven into the soil by the action of the weather, and proved beneficial to the crops.
Mr James Robinson, of the Pye Grove Farm, tried what his neighbours called a "new fangled notion"; he went round to his neighbours and collected "Draff," the refuse of malt after brewing, and this proving successful it became universal in the parish.

Historians of the past have not given due credit to Glossop for being an early cotton and woollen manufacturing district. There were cotton mills in the parish before 1780. At this particular time, 1801, there were John Knott's Mill; Robert Shepley's Mill, in Glossop; the Lower Mill, Whitfield, afterwards known as Cross Cliffe Mill and Shoddy Bump Mill, which was built in 1782 by John Newton, labourer of Whitfield; Bridge End Mill, built in 1782 as a fulling mill by Robert Fielding, clothier, Whitfield, John Thornley, fustian manufacturer, Hadfield, Samuel Roberts, Dinting, and Charles Calvert, estate agent, Glossop Hall; Shepley Mill, built by the Shepley's, of Charlesworth, at Green Vale; Charlestown Mill, built by Charles Hadfield, of Lees Hall; Tip or Woollen Mill, Turnlee Road, built in 1791 by John and Joseph Bennett, who owned the Jumble and Whitfield Barn estates; Jumble Mill, where Mr Robinson was making the cloth, the excellent quality of which was making them known in all the surrounding district; Bridgefield Mill, built by John Garlick in 1784, and was being worked by John Shepley, of Simmondley Bridge; Simmondley Mill built and worked by Mr Lyne; Bankwood Mill, built by John Garlick, in 1791, was now being worked by William Wardlow and Thomas Higginbottom, both of Charlesworth; Best Hill Mill, built by John Marsland, who had then recently died, his widow and Henry Henry Kelsall, of Hollingworth, were working it; Waterside Mill, John Turner was the proprietor, and that it was then of importance is shown by the fact that when Mr Turner died in 1808 no less than 300 of his work people attended his funeral; Vale House Mill, worked by the Thornley's, as well as the mill at Hadfield.

On the Cheshire side at the Hague was a small 3-storied mill worked by a gin, the motive power being a horse. Broadbottom Mill had just been erected, but was blown down again before the machinery was put in. There was a small mill at "Tommy Low," so called from Thomas Lowe, the proprietor, and there were mills at Mottram, Hollingworth, and Tintwistle. You will see by the list, which may not be complete, that Glossop-dale and Longdendale was becoming of importance in the cotton manufacturing world. Water being the motive power, there was a rush of manufacturers to get the first supplies from the hills, hence the number of mills in this district.

There was a number of hand-loom weavers who worked at home, having their looms in the upper stories, and from, break of day until the arrival of night the busy shuttle could be heard, there being no restrictions as to the number of hours a man should work, there were generally the wife or some member of the family to keep the looms "agate." These hand-loom weavers had to take their work to Stockport and Manchester and bring back the materials for the coming week. This was called "bunting." As highwaymen were not unknown, the roads at night unlighted and dangerous, the weavers used to assemble and go together for protection and company, cheering up each other by songs and jests.

There were not many bridges in those days over the rivulets and streams. These were Milltown Bridge, built in 1770; Bridge End Bridge, built in 1793; Salford Bridge, at the bottom of Hope Hill and Wellgate, built in 1793; and Broadbottom and Woolley Bridges, both ancient bridges. When the lanes came to a brook there were stepping stones, which were dangerous during foods and frosty weather. Fish abounded in the streams, salmon having been caught at Mossy Lee.

The Parish Church was the only place of worship, the Dissenters meeting at each other's houses.

The business of the eight townships was transacted in the Parish Church, and on the first day of June, 1801, a most important meeting was held for the formation of the select vestry.

The 11th of January 1801, was a day of importance in Glossop, Mr Joseph Hadfield, son of Mr Charles Hadfield, of Lees Hall, marrying Mary, the daughter of Mr Matthew Ellison, the estate agent, who had succeeded Mr Charles Calvert. All the elite of the neighbourhood were there, but there was a wedding which took place on the 10th of October following which eclipsed all. The Vicar, the Rev. Christopher Howe, being absent from home, the Rev. John Kinder, of Mottram, was acting for him, and in a letter to Mr Howe, Mr Kinder gives us a sidelight of Glossop people's beliefs :-
"On Tuesday last I married a couple. The parties were asked the third time on Sunday, and I think there have been three or four publications, but am not quite certain. The persons whom I married on Tuesday were a Nathan Harrison and a Susan Hegginbottom, they both lived in or near Charlesworth. The wedding caused a very high degree of mirth in very many people. Her former husband died much in debt, and she believed she was liable to be called upon to pay those debts. Now, this Nathan Harrison would have her if, after he had married her, she could be freed from these debts of her former husband's contracting. In order, therefore, to pay those debts, without money, she believed that if she was married in nothing but her shift the creditors could not come upon her or her second husband for the payment of these debts. Two persons came and asked me if I would marry the woman in such a state. I told them this ceremony would not free the woman from these debts, and that the husband would be liable to pay them. In answer to this they said if I was to tell the intended husband that story he would not have the woman. I was then silent upon this head to the husband. And that the woman might not be disappointed of a husband, I contented to marry her in her shift. The woman undressed in the vestry. I did not go into the vestry while she was making herself ready, for I found the surplice upon the rails of the communion table, and Charles' wife posted. at the vestry door to prevent people from going in, and to assist me in putting on the surplice. As soon as she was ready she came forth in a long shift, and she went through the ceremony as unconcerned as if she had been regularly dressed. As soon as it was over she went back to the vestry, and there signed her name. The church was crowded with people, but the greatest order and decency was kept while the ceremony was being performed. The constable attended to prevent any disorder or confusion, and the churchyard was filled before eight o'clock, where the women sat waiting with their knitting and sewing till they could get into church. It was nearly twelve before the ceremony was over, and all dispersed after this, leaving the church and churchyard for their respective places of abode with laughing faces and shaking shoulders."

Glossop village centred round the Church and Old Cross. Wellgate being the principal street, the gossips might have been occasionally seen discussing the latest news whilst filling their pails with water at the well. As the Bull's Head was the only licensed house, it was the scene of many interesting events. People came on horseback from Hayfield, Mottram, and other places to be married, and put up at this place. The trustees of the turnpike road held some of their meetings here, the ratepayers refreshed themselves after their vestry meetings, and it was the headquarters of the "Female Friendly Society," which was instituted on the 8th of October, 1798.
The members of this Society met on the 2nd day of January, unless it happened to be Sunday, the first Mondays after the 25th of March, June, and September, at nine o'clock in the morning ; all subscriptions had to be paid before 10.30 a.m., at which time a procession was formed and they marched to church. After listening to the sermon, for which the Vicar was allowed half-a-guinea, and the clerk 2s, they went back to the Bull's Head, and dinner was served to them at 1 p.m. Any member absent without due cause was fined 6d, and for neglecting to call "Here" when their name was called was fined 3d. The stewardess was compelled, under a penalty of 5s, to visit every sick person within a radius of three miles. During the business of the meeting the members were forbidden to come into the club room drunk, interrupt any member when speaking, swear, bet, or make wagers, call for ale unless by consent of the stewardess, speak after silence had been called three times, or introduce a stranger without consent. For committing any of these offences a fine of 1s was levied. After the meeting, any woman not going straight home was fined 3s 6d. As the foregoing rales were examined and allowed by two Justices of the Peace at the Midsummer Sessions, 5th August, 1823, we may conclude that this Female Friendly Society was a most successful one, as at this date there were 498 members.

An old diary found by Mr John Platt at Mouselow, kept by Mr George Roberts, the first schoolmaster at Hague's Endowed School, gives us a very good insight into the life of the people at this period of Glossop's history. Mr Roberts accepted provisions in lieu of school wage. There are various entries in the diary relating to things he was commissioned to buy for his neighbours. "To buy a frying pan for Wagstaffe," "to buy a lock and frying pan at Mottram," "to call upon Mr Watt, in Warrington, and order six boxes of white soap from Watt's Mill in the name of Samuel Robbs, John Platt, James Nield and John Bennett ;" "Bring a mattress, slate;" " A tin to boil tatoes in."
Minutes for doing errands at Manchester: "Five sixpenny stamps, stamp for a bond of £40, rheubarb, stamp for partnership deed hair and black lead pencil. Little historys. Paper for wills." From this diary there does not seem to have been many shops in Glossop that kept anything besides provisions. Mr Roberts was an amateur lawyer, and made wills and apprentices agreements.
From the following extracts it does not seem that apprentices were allowed much pocket money, " Agreed betwixt Mary Rowbottom and George Rowbottom, her son, of the one part, and John and Joseph Bennett, of the other part, as follows, viz., George Rowbottom to be bound to J. and J. Bennett's till one and twenty years of age. Mrs to find him meat drink, washing, lodging, and clothing (all but hats, handkerchiefs, and shirts) to be turned out in decent clothing at the last; a week of holidays each Christmas ; wage 2s yearly. To be executed at Turn Lee."

From the church gates the Old Hall Lane passed down what is now Hall Street until at the Turn oth' Lane a branch called the Cow Brook Lane led to Mr William Hadfield's farm house and who at this time was considering the advisability of building a mill.
This lane led to Woodcock Road, where Mr John Shepley had a farm, whose son Robert Shepley was a cotton manufacturer and the father of James Shepley of Marple. Joshua, who afterwards built the Royal Oak Inn, was a youth of 20, whilst Sarah, whom many folks knew in later years as "Old Sally of Chunall" was but a girl.

The moors, where Moorfield estate and mansion now stands, was wild moorland, unenclosed, and free to all Whitfield people.
The Old Hall Lane led to John Wagstaffe's farm house at Bridge End, where it joined the highway.
At Milltown a branch led to the Jumble, Cross Cliffe and Whitfield, passing through Whitfield Green and Gnat Hole to Chunall.
At Whitfield Cross a lane went through the fields (Freetown) to Bridgefield, being called by the same name it still bears.
Hollin Cross Lane - what became of Hollin Cross and where its position was, is not yet known. A branch of Hollin Cross Lane went to Pikes farm house, built by Samuel Wagstaffe in 1760, now called Pikes Lane:
The highway, after passing through Chunal and close to Mr Charles Hadfield's Mill at Charles Town, was taken through the fields, crossing Hollin Cross Lane, and over Little Moor, descending abruptly to Bridge End, Saddle Bridge.
A path came from Whitfield Cross, through the Little Moor, and passed through the Hare Hill Wood to Shepley Mill and Wren Nest Farm. This Hare Hill Wood extended from St. Mary's Road to King Street, and was a favourite spot for prize fighting. It now is known as Pinch Belly Park or the Sand Hole.
From Bridge End bridge the highway went up by the farm house, now the Howard Arms, through the Royle Meadow to Woodhead.

At Glossop, Whitfield, Chunall, Simmondley, Charlesworth, Dinting, Hadfeld and Padfield, there were a few houses clustered together, the intervening land being farmed by the different farmers whose farms yet remain to remind us of the changes which have taken place in 100 years.

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Glossop 1800 to 1825; Interesting Historical Survey.

Mr Matthew Ellison, the estate agent to the Lord of the Manor of Glossop, was an energetic and a far-seeing man, and directly he came to Glossop he saw the advantages to the parish of having good roads. Glossop being plentifully supplied with streams of pure water and leases being granted on very favourable terms, small cotton masters were attracted to the district, and mills were built in all directions. The roads, however, were the greatest hindrance.

Mr Ellison agitated, and an highway was in 1803 made from the Peak Forest Canal at Marple to Glossop; from Charlestown to Dinting (now Turn Lee Road and Primrose Lane); and from Gamesley to Woolley Bridge. Instead of farmers and manufacturers having to go round by Hadfield to get to Mottram, they could go by an easier and more direct route. The roads were made wide enough for the passage of two conveyances, and bridges were built at Dinting, Shepley Mill, Corn Mill, and Primrose Lane.

Mr Robert Lees came from Alt Hill and built Padfield and Woolley Bridge Mills.
The Kershaws came from Tintwistle, built Hurst Mill, and occupied Charlestown Mill.
Mr William Hadfield built Cow Brook Mill in 1802.
Mr Thomas Shaw, of Milltown, leased the Cross Cliffe Mill and built Milltown Mill in 1803.
Mr William Barber, of Padfield, had a mill partly finished, and Mr Abraham Clarke, machine maker, finished it in 1803, and it was called Clarke's Mill.
Kinder Lee Mill was built in 1804.
James, Joseph, and Robert Wagstaffe built Dinting Mill in 1805, now known as the Logwood Mill.
The Lower Water Mill, Hope Hill, Glossop, was built in 1807.
Mr James Owen built the Higher Water Mill in 1811.
Mr Matthew Ellison built Wren Nest Mill in 1815.
Braddock's Mill, at Padfield, was built by one of the Braddocks in 1815.
The mill where Dinting Print Works now are was built by Joseph Lyne, of Simmondley, in 1817.
Samuel Shepley built Brookfield Mill in 1818.
Robert Shepley built the Silk Mill and leased it to Mr Benjamin Wilkinson in 1822.
Charlesworth Mill was to let in 1825, having "been recently erected. The "Tip," or Woollen Mill, was enlarged in 1825 by John and Joseph Bennett.
There were also others built during this quarter of a century of which we have not yet got the particulars. With this rapid increase in the number of mills came a corresponding increase in the number of the inhabitants, who came from Lancashire and Yorkshire, and for whose accommodation new houses were erected adjoining the newly-formed highways. The Dissenters rapidly gained in numbers, and commenced to build their schools and chapels.

When the Local Schools and Chapels were Erected.

Mr John Thornley, cotton manufacturer, built the first Wesleyan Chapel at Hadfield in 1804, the school being established in 1808, and enlarged in 1892.
By the generosity of George, Samuel, and Moses Hadfield, the Independents erected Little Moor Independent Chapel in 1811, their first pastor, the Rev. Joseph Harrison, being ordained on the 6th of July, 1814.
In 1812 Samuel Ridgway. cotton manufacturer, of Chunal, Mr John Cook, cotton manufacturer, of Whitfield, and others, erected Whitfield Wesleyan Chapel.
In 1815 a Wesleyan chapel was erected in Wesley Street, and the school in 1825.
Mr John Dearnally was the schoolmaster at Whitfield Endowed School, and Mr James Fielding at the Castle Hill School.
There were not many opportunities for young men to improve themselves in learning, the mills commencing work early in the morning and closing at 8 and 9 p.m., Saturdays included. Sunday was the only day they had any spare time, and it was frequently spent in pleasure, nevertheless these earnest men in time did a vast amount of good, and raised the moral tone of the people.

Economy of our Forefathers.

The business of the various townships increasing, it was necessary to have a more convenient place for meeting. The Select Vestry therefore passed on the 24th of July, 1893, the following resolution, viz. :-
"Ordered that the Select Vestry do proceed to erect a Hearse House, the old one being destroyed owing to the late repair of the Parish Church; also a Lock-up, House, and over the same a room sufficient for the transaction of parish business, upon a site of ground to be fixed upon by Mr Thomas Ellison, the expenses of the same to be defrayed out of the rates collected by the Overseer of the Poor of this Township .- John Kershaw, chairman."
This building, now a cottage house opposite to the Queen's Arms Inn, and near to the "Pinfold," was called the "Town Hall."

On the 15th of April, 1894, the Select Vestry "Ordered that ten pounds be allowed to Mr Thomas Ellison for the improvement of the Bridge near the Parish Offices, and the erection of a foot bridge near Mr Wilkinson's house, and also that the further sum of fifteen pounds be allowed to Mr Thomas Ellison for the widening and improvement of the Bridge at the foot of Little Moor Hill."
We cannot call these sums excessive, and it shows how careful our forefathers were in spending the rates.

From 1800 to 1825 saw the birth of men destined to make Glossop what it now is, namely:- Edmund Potter, born in 1802; James Booth (machinist of Charlesworth), in 1804 ; Robert Kershaw, 1805; John Hadfeld, of Cow Brook, in 1807; John, son of John Kershaw, of the Hurst. 1807 ; Francis James Sumner, 1807; John Shepley, 1810; John Hill Wood 1818; William Shepley, 1814; the late Lord Howard of Glossop, 1815; James Shepley, 1816; Daniel Haigh Wood, 1817; and Samuel Wood, 1819.

About 1815 came John Wood from Manchester. The mills belonging to Mr James Owen at Hope Hill were to let, and Mr Wood commenced to work them; his energy, industry, and knowledge of the business made the mills a success.
Mr George Burgess had failed in working Bridge End Mill, and on the 5th of March, 1819, the mill was sold by auction at the Howard Arms, and bought by Mr John Wood for £1,900. Mr Wood then took the Charlesworth Mill, and in 1825 was working all the four mills.
The old mill, Hope Hill, had then 8,665 spindles ; the New Mill, Hope Hill, 5,280 spindles; Bridge End Mill, 13,618 spindles and 363 looms ; Charlesworth Mill, 8,665 spindles.

To John Kershaw, of the Hurst, William and Samuel Kershaw, of Charlestown. and Mr John Wood, of Hadfield, partners, belongs the honour of introducing the first steam engine in this district, having put one in the Charlestown Mill in 1825.

In 1893 Charles and Edmund Potter came and took the mill at Dinting, which had never been used, and was thought to be haunted, and christened by nervous people "the Boggart Mill." How they succeeded will be subsequently told.
Francis James Sumner was, it is generally understood, learning the cotton business with Mr Benjamin Wilkinson at the Silk Mill.

From 1800 to 1895 was a stirring period, owing to the state of foreign affairs, and in anticipation of an invasion by the French, a Volunteer Corps was formed on the 31st of October, 1803 called the Glossop, Padfield, and Hadfield Volunteer Corps of Infantry. They formed two companies, and were 150 strong. They drilled on Sundays, and were a very smart set of men.

About 1811 was a very troublous time. Men, under the name of Luddites, began to break mill machinery, under a mistaken idea that it would throw them out of employment. They did immense damage.
In this neighbourhood they drilled at nights on Hollin Moor, Hollingworth ; the men who administered the oath to new members were called "Twisters in."
In May, 1812, a detachment of the Royal Guards (Blue) came via Derby and were quartered in Glossop. A company of Stirlingshire Militia came from Scotland and were quartered at Mottram. They regularly patrolled the district, and eventually effectually put an end to the conspiracy.
In June, 1812, William Greenhough, a weaver, of Mottram, John Heywood, John Ellis, James Crossland, John Heywood, junior, for riot and breaking Mr Thomas Rhodes' machinery at Tintwistle were all sentenced to death. Many others were transported and never heard of again.

In 1814 the Loyal Prince Regent Lodge of Oddfellows was opened at the Bull's Head Inn, and in connection with the instauration an amusing incident is related. Six men were initiated by members from Stockport, who stayed all night. Returning on the Sunday morning in a coach, the bugler annoyed the congregation at the church; in consequence the six new Oddfellows were discharged by their employers, and were for some time out of work, and when explanations were given and apologies made, they were reinstated.

In 1820 Captain White, of Park Hall, raised a troop of yeomanry, who occasionally drilled at the Heath.

On the 28rd of August, 1821, the Sheffield Road was opened. On the 27th of May, 1822, the first mail coach from Manchester passed through Glossop, and a dinner was held at the Howard Arms to celebrate the event. It is quite amusing to read the high-flown speeches that are reported to have been made, of which there is an account in the "Manchester Guardian," and they are evidently " after dinner speeches."

In May, 1824, there were so many cotton masters and tradesmen having business to transact at Manchester, that a coach commenced running from Glossop to Manchester on Tuesdays and Saturdays, leaving Glossop at 6.30 a.m. and returning from Manchester at 8 p.m., fares 5s each. To accommodate the mail coach passengers some gentlemen at Sheffield formed a “Tontine Company," and built the Norfolk Arms. Mr Joshua Shepley also built the Royal Oak to accommodate the horses required for changing.

A Musical Worthy.
In 1824 Mr John Shaw invented the valve for musical instruments - the most important invention ever made in connection with brass instruments, and Glossop ought to have some memorial of so worthy a son. John Shaw was born at Milltown about 1800. Having had a little unpleasantness at home, he left to make his fortune, with the whole world before him, but his worldly possessions consisted of his knife and flute. He could play any kind of musical instruments, and by the aid of his flute, and the sale of straws, which he cut with his knife, and on which he played the popular tunes of the day, he travelled to Edinburgh and Glasgow, eventually reaching Dublin, where he met with an adventure which nearly resulted in the world losing the benefits which his ingenuity and skill afterwards conferred upon it by his inventions. Being in an inn, an Irish bagpiper came in, and after playing a few tunes the necessary and usual collection was made. Mr Shaw, for a joke, said he could produce the same music from two straws, a statement which was greeted with laughter by the company assembled. He, however. produced two straws, and imitated the bagpipes and tunes played to such a perfection that the piper became enraged, and drawing a formidable-looking knife made for his tormentor, and if the player had not made a hasty exit from the room he would have ceased to have further interest in this sphere.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; The Mills and Manufactures.

The introduction of steam as a motive power instead of water proved eventually the death-blow to many of the small cotton-masters in the parish. Most of them had commenced business with borrowed capital, which had been expended on the building of their mills and the purchase of machinery. The consequence was they were unable to buy steam-engines, build engine houses, and buy machinery adapted to a greater speed, and, struggling for some years against adverse circumstances, one by one they either became bankrupt, let their mills to some one else, or the mills fell into disuse.

Mr John Wood, soon after 1825, ceased working the Old Hope Hill Mill (alias Water Mill, Twist Mill), and the New Hope Hill Mill (alias Higher Water Mill, Top Mill, Barracks Mill, Ward's Mill).
The Old Mill was then worked by a Mr Ward, became empty in 1831, and was then occupied by Mr Bennett. After his death his executors carried on the business for some years; in 1846 Mr Edward Leigh was the occupier, and the assessment was then £40. In 1840 it was £174 12s 6d.
The New Mill was also worked by Mr Ward, succeeded by Mr Bennett and his executors. In 1843 it was empty, but occupied in 1846 by Messrs Berresford and Holland ; assessment, £38 6s. In 1824 it was £68 11s 6d.

Mr John Wood also worked the Thread Mill about 1824, but there is no authentic list of the occupiers until 1833, when we find Mr Abraham Broadbent making bobbins, hat tips, and doubling yarn for hand-loom weavers, and it was his custom to carry the yarn weekly on his back to Huddersfield in all kinds of weather. He remained here several years, when he left it to occupy Braddock's Mill at Padfield. It remained empty five or six years, when Mr John Ford, in 1846, re-opened it as a wadding factory.

Knott's Mill was, in 1833, owned by Mr Bennett's executors. Mr William Robinson was in occupation, having running 3,648 spindles. He afterwards became the manager at Wren Nest Mill. In 1846 Mr William Bramhall was at Knott's Mill at an assessment of £52 4s 6d, having decreased. In 1836 it was £74 12 6d. The mill was pulled down by Alderman Samuel Rowbottom, and the present Meadow Mills now occupy the site. Mr John Knott, who built Knott's Mill died on the 20th of May, 1850, aged 80 years. He was for 51 years the superintendent of All Saints' Church School.

In 1823 Mr Robert Shepley's mill, the Warth Mill, was assessed at £188, in 1838 at £196 19s 6d, but in 1848 it had dropped to £136 10s. In 1843 the firm became Robert and James Shepley. On the 18th of December, 1848, Mr Robert Shepley died, and Mr James Shepley carried on the business until the lease lapsed.

Hawk's Head Mill (alias Rolfe's Mill and Starkie's Mill) was in 1823 worked by Messrs Bubb and Benjamin Rolfe, and contained 9,338 spindles. In 1826 Mr Rolfe alone was the proprietor, succeeded in 1828 by Benjamin Waterhouse and Mr Holland. Their partnership existed until 1831, when Mr Holland left. Mr Waterhouse carried on the business for some years, and commenced weaving in 1832 with 128 looms; he had also 13,600 spindles. In 1834 he introduced Throstle spindles, and in 1836 he had 6,960 Throstle spindles, 10,744 mule spindles, and 454 looms working, the assessment having risen from £121 10s in 1823 to £906 in 1836. In 1838 Messrs Joseph Berresford and John Holland commenced business and were there in 1846. The assessment had been reduced from £931 7s 6d in 1838 to £153 3s 8d in 1846

Mr Benjamin Rolfe, who died on the 25th of March, 1830, was a noted but esteemed character, and mentioned by Mr William Bennett in his "Flying Serpents." See The Flying Serpent Hunt, a Story of Shepley Mill.
Mr Rolfe first commenced business in a small mill now converted into cottage houses, near the Wesleyan Chapel, Wesley Street, Glossop; he then took Hawk's Head Mill and afterwards Shepley Mill.

Mr Benjamin Waterhouse used to go almost daily to Manchester on horseback, and was noted for being one of the most reckless horsemen of the day. He accomplished the journey to or from Manchester in one hour. The mill was burnt down during his occupation.

Hurst Mill, under Mr John Kershaw, gradually increased. Assessed at £30, in 1811, it was at £267 5s in 1838, and reduced to £158 19s in 1846. Mr John Kershaw died on the 15th of Jan., 1831, and was succeeded by his son, John Kershaw.

In 1836 Mr William Hadfield had 5,100 spindles running at Cow Brook Mill, at an assessment of £60, rising in 1838 to £117 6s. Mr William Hadfield died on the 22nd June, 1843, and the business was carried on by Mr John Hadfield.

In 1824 Mr Benjamin Wilkinson was at the Silk Mill, originally called the Grove Mill. He lived in the house adjoining which, from its peculiar shape, was well known as "The Salt Box”. About 1825 Messrs Bosley, Smith, and Bosley began to manufacture silk thread at the Silk Mill. The mill was robbed in June, 1838, by some Manchester thieves, and shortly afterwards the mill became empty, and was used by a detachment of the 11th Hussars for two months as a barracks during the "Plug-drawing" turnout. The soldiers left on the 2nd Nov., 1842, for Burnley.

In 1825 Thomas Shaw and John Beeley were at Milltown Mill, having 6,700 spindles. In 1830 Mr Beeley alone was working the mill. In 1830 Daniel Hudson and Jonathan Wright were the tenants, the owners being Messrs Shaw, Dean, and Bennett. As spinners and weavers they were fairly successful, but on the 27th January, 1842, the mill was totally destroyed by fire, £8,000 worth of machinery being destroyed. Mr John Wood then bought the ruins and erected a new mill on the site.

In 1823 Mr John Wood had 5,580 spindles, assessed at £58 15s, and 143 looms, assessed at £49 6s 8d, working in Burgess's Mill, which was an old white-washed mill to the east of the old turnpike road. In 1830 Mr Wood built a mill, described as "The Howard Town New Mill". In 1840 he built "The Fireproof Mill," adjoining the highway near to the Pear Tree Inn. The assessments of the mills and his house, which he built about 1838, were in 1846 £1,189 2s 3d.
He gave up working the Charlesworth Mill about 1831, and concentrated all his energies and resources on the Howard Town Mills with wonderful success, being aided greatly by his sons, John, Daniel, and Samuel, who each had a practical knowledge of the business, and superintended various departments of the concern.
Mr Wood early adopted the steam engine in place of the water wheel. His first engine came from Peel and Williams, of the Phoenix and Soho Foundries, Manchester, the best of the four makers then (1825) existing in Manchester. It remained working in Burgess's Mill until about 1858, when, the mill being taken down, the engine was sold to Messrs Handforth's, of Shepley Mill, and worked there until destroyed by fire.

On the 28th Dec., 1827, Mr Francis James Sumner entered into possession of Wren Nest Mill, then being worked by Mr Thomas Ellison, the son of Mr Matthew Ellison, the Glossop Estate agent. On the 27th of March, 1828, he had 7,000 spindles working, assessed at £91. He resided at premises in High Street West, now occupied by Mr Thomas Swire, and on the 29nd of Dec., 1828, he came of age, and celebrated the event by a dinner to his workpeople at the "Tontine Hotel," now the Norfolk Arms Hotel. In 1831 he commenced weaving with 57 looms in the Brook Shed. In five years he had again enlarged his mills, and had then got 14,000 spindles and 380 looms going. In 1838 his assessment was £488 10s, showing in ten years a very rapid increase. He built Primrose House for himself, and a large number of cottages in High Street West about Sumner's Place, then called Green Vale, for the convenience of his workpeople.

Shepley Mill, after Mr Rolfe ceased to work it, was taken by William Barber and Sons, of Padfield. The mill contained 6,960 spindles, and was assessed at £90. In 1834 they added 1,980 doublers. When the Barbers left in 1840, the assessment was at £137 5s .
The mill remained empty for two years, when Mr Abraham Jackson, of "Storth," Simmondley, took one of the rooms, and commenced in a small way. Business gradually increasing, he took more rooms, until in 1850 be had the whole mill working.

Mr William Kershaw having died on the 13th of Aug, 1823, his executors were carrying on his business at Turn Lee Mill; they had 3,324 spindles. In 1830 John and Joseph Bennett, sons of Mr John Bennett, who originally came about 1790 from Penistone or neighbourhood, became tenants, and carried on the business of cotton and paper manufacturers. The assessment in 1838 was £810. They were also working the "Lower Turn Lee Mill" (alias "Tip," or "Woollen Mill").
Misfortunes, however, fell upon them, and their bankruptcy was for long remembered by their workpeople and others. In 1846 Mr Samuel Kershaw, a relation through marriage, was in possession.

In 1825 Mr James Kershaw had 5,256 spindles at Charlestown Mill, now the "Bleach Mill". Mr James Kershaw died in June, 1836, and his son Robert succeeded him. Three years after Mr James Bosley became his partner. Mr Robert Kershaw retired from business in 1843, and in 1846 Mr George Fox was the tenant.

In 1825 Cross Cliffe Mill contained 2,468 spindles, Mr John Rusby being the proprietor, and in 1829 he commenced weaving with 39 looms. In 1832 Mr Isaac Linney became his partner, and they ceased weaving and increased their spindles to 4,010. Mr Rusby retired from business in 1840, and Mr Linney continued spinning for several years. He let the mill in 1846 to Messrs Millburn and Roberts, and it was then assessed at £52 15s, about double the amount it was in 1825.

Primrose Mill, in 1825, was occupied by Mr William Radcliffe, and had 3,072 spindles working. Mr Radcliffe being fond of sport came to grief, and in 1835 Mr George Robinson tried to run it, but in 1838 it had again changed hands, Mr Joseph Howard working it in conjunction with Bridge Field Mill, which he occupied for over 30 years.

The widow and sons of Mr John Shaw, of Charlestown, were working their mill at Chunal, "Bury-me-wick Mill," but on the 18th of. Oct., 1833, it was burned down, to be rebuilt by John and Joseph Bennett. In 1843 they were working it - assessment £70.

Dinting Mill was occupied by Birch de Jong and Co., who ceased business about 1830. In 1831 Messrs Oliver and Jones began making paper by machinery ; in 1833 Samuel Oliver was the sole tenant. Owing to a dispute about polluting the water, Messrs Potter entered an action against him. The case was tried at Derby on the 21st March, 1835, and proved a great financial blow to Mr Oliver, and on the 16th and 17th of March, 1840, his machinery was advertised to be sold. Thomas Corns and Co. then came in as tenants, but in 1842 Mr Oliver again became connected with it, the business being Samuel Oliver and Co.

Charles and Edmund Potter in 1825 were struggling hard to obtain a market for their prints, but in 1831 they were obliged to call their creditors together who, however, had such confidence in Mr Edmund Potter that he was allowed to continue the business under the watchful eye of assignees, these being William Sidebottom, of Etherow House, Mr Samuel Pullein, of Broughton, and Mr Rupert Ingleby, of Halton Bank. Encouraged by their advice and financial assistance, he entered into his work with such vigour, skill, and judgment that in five years be realised over £24,000, and paid off all the creditors in full. For this the creditors were so grateful and deeply delighted that on the 7th of Feb., 1837, they presented him with silver plate to the value of £300, and Mrs Potter with £50. The assignees had also silver plate given to them for their services. Before 1850 large additions had been made to the works, and it was one of the most prosperous concerns of its kind in the kingdom.

The increase in the assessments from 1825 to 1850 of the various mills shows to what extent enlargements had been made, although in 1838 they were greatly reduced, owing to the millowners influence with the Board of Guardians, which first met on Wednesday, the 6th day of Dec., 1837.

On Nov. 1st 1831, came into force a "Factory Act," which had been most bitterly opposed by nearly all the cotton masters in the kingdom, but fortunately for their workpeople it proved unavailing. The people of Glossop have no idea of the conditions of labour in their forefathers' days.
On the 27th of Feb., 1830, a letter appeared in the "Manchester Guardian" complaining that the mills were working day and night in this district, which was only a sample of what was being done elsewhere. This Factory Act did not allow persons under 21 years of age to work between the hours of 8.30 p.m. and 5.30 a.m.; under 18 years of age not more than 12 hours per day; one and half hours per day to be allowed for meals.
Time lost through want of water could, however, be fetched up by starting at 5 am. and working until 9 p.m. There was also an allowance made for accidents to machinery, not exceeding one hour per day for ten days. This was a loophole which the manufacturers were ready to and did avail themselves of, by not keeping books, or cooking the time lost; through these causes they worked pretty much as they liked for several years until the Factory Inspectors came down upon them and compelled the magistrates to fine them heavily, the fines being divided amongst the various schools. Not a cotton master in the district escaped.
To avoid the expense of artificial light in the evening they were in the habit of having their clocks one hour fast, the hands having to start at 4 a.m. instead of 5 a.m. For this offence, when caught, they were fined £20 and costs, but still the game went on until in July, 1834, Mr Richards, the Inspector, served a printed notice on each one of them that the clocks must be kept to the regular time of the day. On the 8th Oct. 1836, fines amounting to £85 were inflicted upon four cotton masters in Glossop, one for working his mill until 10 p.m., and the others for not keeping proper time books, and employing persons under age. These prosecutions in time had the effect of bringing the cotton masters to conform to the Act.

During this, the second quarter of the last century, great efforts were made by various persons to raise the religious and moral tone of the people and to encourage thrift amongst them; but a “Beer Act," which came into force on the 10th of Oct., 1830, counteracted in a great measure their efforts. This Act allowed any person to have a licence to sell beer by paying £2 2s. The duty was taken off the beer, allowing the retail price to be reduced, and this day was one of the worst days for drunkenness that had ever been known, not only in Glossop, but throughout the kingdom.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Religion, Education and Institutions.

In 1830 the Wesleyan Chapel, Glossop, was enlarged, and in July of the same year a lease was obtained of land in Hall Lane for the erection of the Tabernacle Chapel, the trustees being :- John Rusby, Glossop, cotton manufacturer ; John Rusby, junr., Glossop, surgeon ; James Hall, Glossop, tailor; James Bowden, Glossop, corn dealer ; William Bowers, Glossop, cotton spinner :John Howard, Glossop, cotton spinner : William Robinson, Glossop, shopkeeper ; John Harrison,Glossop, shoe dealer ; William Thorpe, Glossop, joiner; George Bowden, Glossop, shopkeeper ; Samuel Bowden, Heath, farmer; John Ridgeway, Whitfield, carder ; John Bennett, Whitfield, clothier; Isaac Linney, Cross Cliffe, cotton manufacturer ; John Shaw, Ashes, yeoman ; John Swindells, Hadfield, carder. The chapel was improved in 1846.

In 1831 the Parish Church was rebuilt (except the tower and the spire), and was re-opened in Sept., 1833.
In 1832 the Wesleyan School, Whitfield, was, erected.
In 1834 the Roman Catholics commenced building All Saints' Roman Catholic Chapel.
Shortly afterwards the Primitive Methodists followed their example by building a chapel at Green Vale, near the Globe Inn.
On Sunday the 3rd Oct., 1840, the Wesleyans opened a room over the Shepley Mill stables for divine worship. In the following August they removed to the bottom room of Shepley Mill.
At Old Glossop, in July, 1841, the Wesleyans established a day school.
In 1844 the Independents built Simmondley Chapel, and the Wesleyans laid the foundation stone of a chapel on the site of what was formerly Barber's Lodge, Shepley Mill.
In Sept., 1845, Bishop Lonsdale, Lord Bishop of Lichfield. laid the foundation stone of St. James' Church, Whitfield, and the Independents enlarged Littlemoor Chapel.
On Tuesday, the 8th of Sept., 1846, the new church at Whitfield was consecrated.
In 1850 All Saints' Day and Sunday Schools were built by the Duke of Norfolk.

Whilst the various religious denominations were using their utmost efforts to provide accommodation for their own people, there were a few who did not believe in sectarianism, and started a school for all denominations ; this was established on the 21st July, 1833, and was called "The Glossop-Dale Universal Sunday School, for children of all denominations, wherein instruction is given upon the basis of Christianity, and writing allowed." These men met with great opposition from the ministers, but persevered in spite, of all the difficulties thrown in their way. Collecting books were issued, and the public solicited to subscribe, which they did.
Amongst the donations we find the following :- Royal Foresters, £5; Ancient Shepherds, £6; Co-operative Society, £6 ; Gardeners, £1; Oddfellows, £7; Mr Ellison, £5; Robert Shepley, £4; Junction Lodge, £8 ; from the magistrates', share of a factory fine, £4; collected at the mills, £11 13s; to compromise for an assault 10s; to 12 compromises at 2s 6d each, £1 10s; etc. Mr Joel Bennett lent them £200, and the school was erected on the site now occupied by the Goods Office, Great Central Railway. A goodly sum was raised at the half-yearly sermons and by letting the school for various purposes. A Government grant was obtained in Dec., 1836, of £225, and Mr Bennett's loan was paid off. The School was sold to the Lord of the Manor when he built the Branch Railway. The doorway was purchased by Mr Higginbottom, and now forms the entrance to the Station Inn.

About 1840 Mr Edmund Potter established a school at Dinting to save the children from having to go to Glossop or Whitfield.
In 1841 "The Little Moor and Howard Town Mechanics' Institute" was founded, and in June, 1842, Mr Robert Kershaw, Mr Barnslow, and others founded "The Glossop Mechanics' Institute" at Castle Hill School, Glossop.
Mr Edmund Potter followed suit in 1845 by establishing "The Dinting Vale Print Works Reading Room and Library," and in Feb., 1849, Mr Robert Kershaw instituted "The Whitfield Church Institute."

The Oddfellows opened new lodges as follows:- 1829, Morning Star and Clio ; 1832, Key ; 1833, Briton's Glory 1837, Queen Victoria; 1842 ,Temple of Oddfellows.

The Glossop Burial Society was established in 1830, and in June, 1831, a money club was established at the house of Mr Joseph Hadfeld, Hare and Hounds Inn, followed by others.

Much inconvenience being caused by tradesmen having to go to Ashton to cash cheques, etc., a branch was opened on Saturdays at the Norfolk Arms in 1833. In 1837 a bank was built at premises now occupied by Mr Thomas Bradbury, chemist; High Street West.
The Glossop Savings Bank was established in 1843.
Mr Jonathan Wadsworth, Old Cross, Glossop, was the postmaster for many years, and in 1823 Mr Joseph Oates was appointed, and after the Norfolk Arms was built advantage was taken to remove the office to a part of the buildings, it being more central and convenient for the stage coaches to pick up the mails there than bringing them from Glossop and waiting for the coach's arrival.

Pleasure was provided for the people at the Bowling Green attached to the Howard Arms, and also by the Cricket Club, which was formed on the 7th of Oct., 1833, the cricket ground being between the present Surrey and Edward Streets, near Arundel Street. A dinner was held at the Norfolk to celebrate the event. Mr Thomas Ellison was the chairman, and Mr Francis James Sumner vice-chairman, and all the elite of the neighbourhood was present.
At the Wakes time bear and bull baiting, cock fighting, foot racing, climbing the greasy pole, Morris dancing, wrestling, prize fighting, and many other things were entered into. When we consider the conditions under which the people worked, their long hours of labour, Saturday being as any other days, and sanitary and other arrangements being of a primitive nature, we can scarcely wonder that their amusements were of a rough description.

There were many hard times when disputes arose with regard to the rate of wages paid. In 1830 the spinners were dissatisfied with the wages varying in different district. In Glossop they were paid 3s 5d, Hyde 3s 5d to 3s 9d, Hollingworth 3s 9d, Staleybridge 3s 9d to 4s 2d, and at Ashton 3s 9d to 4s 4½d per 1,000 hanks. The conditions in each mill varied according to the machinery in use, and in consequence there was no uniform price paid. The spinners were, however, determined to insist upon 4s 2d being paid to all, and as the cotton masters refused to pay that rate, the spinners at Ashton turned out and stopped the mills in other districts.
In Glossop the mills were stopped on the 27th December, in some cases violence being used, machinery smashed,and managers seriously assaulted. The state of things was most alarming, and the authorities responsible for the public peace held a hasty meeting, and issued a notice on Christmas Day, warning people from assembling in numbers in the streets or highways.

On the 10th of Jan., 1831, a large number of the turnouts came from Ashton and district, and passed through Broadbottom and Charlesworth to Messrs Ridgway and Thornton's Mill at Hayfield. Not knowing the direct way,their approach was seen in time to allow the work-people to escape. The manager was most seriously assaulted, pistols held to his head, and threatened to be shot. Captain White got a party of military together, and waited for their return but as they returned through Glossop he missed them. Many of them were afterwards arrested and severely punished.
The day after this event the Glossop Band assembled at the Junction Inn to go to Now Mills to play for a gentleman who had promised them ale and the mills being stopped a large number of the mill hands went with them. At the bottom of Hollingworth Head they were met by Captain White and Captain William Osborne with a troop of the 10th Hussars. Captain White, in his capacity of a magistrate, ordered their immediate return. Not quite understanding his meaning they hesitated, when be promptly ordered the soldiers to arrest the Band, which they did, and conveyed them to the "old Town Hall" opposite to the "Queen's Arms Inn." There was not, however, sufficient accommodation for eleven prisoners to sleep in the look-ups, so they spent the night in sending for ale to the Queen's. The day after they were brought before Captain White and G. W. Newton, Esq., and committed to Derby. At the Assizes in March Mr Thomas Ellison pleaded strongly for them,and as they pleaded guilty and asked for mercy, they were acquitted, after being severely reprimanded by Mr Baron Vaughan.

During this dispute, which was called the "4s 2d or swing turnout" a detachment of the 10th Hussars and the 4th Regiment of Foot was stationed in Glossop, being accommodated in the Long Mill, Howard Town. The guard room was in two cellars of the Step Row, now pulled down, Furness's Buildings being on the site. The officers were quartered at the King's Arms (now the Pear Tree Inn). The landlord was John Woolley, a pensioner, formerly of the Life Guards.
The soldiers were drilled in a field between Yorkshire Street and Milltown, only one side of Yorkshire Street being built. Many Glossop young men enlisted at this time.
The soldiers quartered at the Mill were much annoyed in the early morning by the noise of the machinery, and one night they determined to stop it so they tied the shaft which went through their rooms with ropes, and attached the ropes to their beds and other things. When the engine was started as usual in the morning the ropes began to lap round the shaft, dragging the various things round, much to the surprise and consternation of the soldiers, who had no idea of the power of a steam engine. The result may be better imagined than described.
The soldiers remained until Monday, the 13th of April, when they departed for Chatham, en route for New South Wales.

The year 1840 opened unfavourably for all engaged in textile manufactories. The cotton mills were only working four days per week; numerous failures took place, machinery was sold, and mills closed, throwing large numbers on the labour market, making the state of things worse, until by April, 1842, wages had been reduced in this district 5s in the £
Emigration to America was brisk, and on one Saturday alone 80 families left for the United States. The young men enlisted for soldiers, and great distress generally prevailed.
The workpeople in Lancashire resorted to violence, mills were stopped by drawing the plugs from the boilers, which gave the name the "plug-drawing turn out."
The Staleybridge men came to Glossop on Wednesday, the 10th of August, 1842, and stopped all the cotton mills in the parish of Glossop, Mr Shepley, of Brookfield Mill, however started his mill again, and on the 30th a large party came from the neighbouring districts with the intention and determination to wreck the whole mill. Mr Shepley was not to be intimidated, and after due warning he shot three of the rioters, which effectually put a stop to all further proceedings on their part. The wounded men were taken to Manchester, and after recovering from their wounds they were brought from Manchester on the 10th of Sept, escorted by a troop of the 11th Hussars, and tried by the Glossop magistrates, who committed them to the Assizes, where, taking their sufferings from their wounds into consideration, they were sentenced to light punishment.
The 11th Hussars were quartered in the Silk Mill under the command of Captain Button, where they remained until the end of Nov.

The members of the "Select Vestry" which managed the business of the eight townships comprising the parish of Glossop were much troubled what to do with paupers who were violent. They were compelled to send them to the "House of Correction" at Tideswell, a deposit of £10 each having to be paid to the authorities there, as a security for any damage the pauper might do. A notice was therefore given out in the Church that a meeting would be held "to take into consideration the propriety of erecting a workhouse for the reception of the paupers belonging to the township."
The meeting took place on the 7th of March, 1822, and it was agreed "that it would be highly necessary and of great advantage to the Lay-payers to have a House of Industry built as soon as circumstances will admit, and that a committee be appointed, consisting of the following persons, vis., Messrs Thomas Ellison, Thomas Thornley, William Radcliffe, Robert Shepley, Thomas Wilkinson, Samuel Aveson, and John Goddard, to take the matter into due consideration, to look out a proper site of land for the purpose, to prepare a plan and estimate with specifications, and to report progress at our next meeting, namely, March 21, 1822."
The House of Industry was not built, but premises were taken in the old houses in Church Street South.
On the 7th of Dec., 1826, we find a resolution was passed "That our overseer do purchase 5 pairs of Blankets and 5 Bed Matts at early period as possible for the poor-house”.
The "Select Vestry" were not paid directly for their services; but it appears that they occasionally refreshed the "inner man" at the parish's expense, which was stopped by the following resolution passed on the 12th of April, 1827: “that from this time no allowance shall be made in the parish accounts for money expended in the purchase of liquors or public dinners."
The following resolution, passed on the 30th of July, 1829, points to a leakage in the stock of wine: “That the churchwardens do provide immediately a vault or some other sufficient accommodation to contain the wine for use of the sacrament table, and also that they provide duplicate keys one for themselves and one for the clergyman."

Those persons who were able to work were compelled to do so, as the following resolutions will show: "28th Jan.,1830. That the Overseer look out for a good second-hand reel for William Winterbottom, and get Hannah Hadfield's reel repaired for Sarah Robinson"; April 8th, 1830. That the Overseer do take William Rothwell before the Magistrates on Saturday next if he does not go in the meantime to Mr Wood's to work."

The Workhouse was not erected until 1834, the cost of which was £1,500. The administration of relief to the poor was so unsatisfactory in some places that an Act was passed establishing "Board of Guardians." The Glossop Board of Guardians met for the first time on the 6th of Dec., 1837, and the "Select Vestry" ceased to exist.

In those days balloting for the militia took place, and the following is a copy of one of the notices issued :- To the inhabitants of Whitfield, Simmondley, and Chunal: Take notice that the day for Balloting for the Militia is on Wednesday, the 5th of January, 1825, and the day of Enrolling is January 25th and 26th, John Nield, Headborough." It was optional to serve provided a substitute was found.
Feb. 10th, 1831, it was notified, "That the Parish Officers take the responsibility upon themselves of finding substitutes for the Militia for those persons who pay five shillings at present and ten shillings more for each man balloted, and that no money be received after the lots are draw."

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Water Supply, Courts and Local Government.

The millowners were not satisfied with the supply of water, there being no storage place for it, and in dry weather the supply was at times insufficient. Application was therefore made by them on the 10th of Nov., 1836, for an Act of Parliament to make a reservoir, which was obtained, and the first meeting of the Commissioners was held at the Norfolk Arms Inn on the 21st of July, 1837. The meeting Was summoned by Robert Shepley, John Kershaw, junior, and John Wood. A company was formed and "The Hurst Reservoirs" made.

The value of the Glossop Estate was largely increased by the large number of houses that were built, and the then Lord of the Manor decided to do his utmost to make Glossop a model town. On the 28th of June, 1838, the Coronation Day of Queen Victoria, the foundation stone of the Town Hall was laid. In 1844 the Duke obtained the "Glossop Market Act," and on the 19th of July, 1845, the market was opened, the Branch Railway built by the Duke of Norfolk having been opened the previous day.

Owing to the employees not being paid weekly, many of them were obliged to obtain credit from the shopkeepers, and as there were many strangers from other counties constantly coming to settle down in Glossop, it was very risky on the part of the shopkeepers to trust them. An Act was therefore obtained which received the Royal Assent on the 29th of July, 1839. The preamble sufficiently explains the purpose of the Act :- “And whereas in the said Townships, Hamlets, or Places there are many very considerable manufactories, which employ great number of people, who, along with divers other persons, residing or trading within the said Townships, Hamlets, or places, contract small debts, which, in the whole, amount yearly to a very large sum of money; and although many such debtors. are well able to pay their respective debts, they often refuse to pay the same, by reason of which their respective creditors are either obliged to forego their respective debts or for the recovery thereof to incur an expense sometimes far exceeding, and in all cases disproportionate to the sum in dispute ; and whereas it would be a great benefit to the inhabitants of the said several Townships, Hamlets, and Places, and tend much to the support and protection of useful creditors within the same, if an easy and speedy method of recovering small debts within the said Townships, Hamlets, and Places were provided ; but the same cannot be effected without the aid and authority of Parliament: May it therefore please your Majesty, that it may be enacted ; and let it be enacted, by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, that the judge and his successors, to be appointed as hereinafter mentioned, are hereby constituted a Court of Justice for the recovery of small debts within the several townships, hamlets, or places aforesaid, by the name of the "Glossop Court of Requests."

The Court Leet was a court which settled the grievances against each other, of the tenants on the estate, and was a very useful court in many respects. The dinner, after the necessary business had been transacted, was an event often looked forward to. The Court is occasionally still held, but shorn of much of its former influence.

It was not until March, 1848, that Glossop was made into a post town, where money orders could be obtained.

The old mail coaches were dependent upon the weather and the state of the roads for arriving punctually to time. Sometimes they were upset by obstructions being carelessly left in the road and occasionally during heavy snows passengers were compelled to stop two or three days at the Norfolk.
To remedy this state of things a railway was proposed, and manufacturers and the leading gentry of Sheffield and Manchester met on the 5th of June, 1836, at the York Hotel, King Street, Manchester, and decided to construct a railway from Manchester to Sheffield, capital £800,000.
A deputation was sent to Glossop to meet the local gentlemen at the Norfolk on the 19th of July, 1836. Mr George Sidebottom presided, and it was decided to give the scheme every possible support. Another meeting was held on the 24th of Sept, at the same place, being a convenient place for Sheffield and Manchester people. Lord Wharncliffe was the chairman, and it was decided to apply for Parliamentary powers.
The expense of a double tunnel at Woodhead was found to be too much, so on the 22nd of Feb., 1837, it was decided to have a single line of rails through, until such times as the traffic warranted the construction of another tunnel.
On the 16th of March, 1837, the Railway scheme passed through the Committee of the House of Commons, and in April it was read a third time in the House of Lords. The first general meeting of the shareholders was held on the 23rd Nov. 1837, at the Cutlers' Hall, Sheffield.
On the 1st of Oct., 1838, the first sod was cut by Lord Wharncliffe at Woodhead. Mr C. Vignoles, the engineer of the line, cut the second one, and each of the directors present, cut one each. A cold collation was provided in a large marquee erected near the spot and the local gentlemen present were Mr George Sidebottom, of Hill End, Mottram ; John and James Sidebottom, of Waterside; Mr James Rhodes, Mr Dalton, and Mr Joe Sidebottom, of Harewood Lodge. Mr Thomas and Michael Ellison, directors, and Mr William Sidebottom, the deputy chairman, were unfortunately prevented by business engagements from being present.
On the 16th of Jan., 1840, Mr Josiah Ingledew, aged 52, of Whitfield, was killed on the railway by a fall of earth, being the first man in, the Glossop Union to lose his life in the construction of the line.
On Wednesday, the 17th of Nov., 1841, the line was opened to Godley Railway Bridge, and in giving an account of the opening, the newspapers stated "that 1,734 passengers (exclusive of 400 of the shareholders in the undertaking, to whom free tickets were given) travelled along the line without the slightest accident or delay, the receipts amounted to £48 11s 8d. On the Thursday 1,019 passengers were conveyed the same distance, the fares amounting to £31 7s 6d."

The foundation stone of the Best Hill Viaduct was laid by Mr John Chapman, of Hill End House, on the 17th of Feb., 1842, and completed on the 24th of Dec. without an accident. The line was opened from Godley to Broadbottom on the 10th of Dec., and to Old Dinting on the 24th, the day the viaduct was finished. Coaches ran from the Norfolk Arms to Godley to meet every alternate train from or to Manchester, starting three-quarters of an hour before the train was due.

The Dinting Viaduct was not completed until August 1844, when on the 8th the first train passed over it to Woodhead. The viaduct was not built without loss of life; the first accident occurred on the 31st of May, 1843, when William Stubbs, aged 22, fell from the viaduct. On the 26th Jan., 1844, William Lowe, aged 24, and on the 22nd July, 1844, Robert Wilson, aged 26, through the same cause, met a like fate. Up to 1851 twenty persons lost their lives in Glossop parish through accidents on the railway, whilst many others received injuries.

To save the expense of an Act of Parliament, the Duke of Norfolk constructed the Branch Railway from Dinting to Glossop at his own expense, and when finished he sold it to the Railway Company. The branch line was opened on the 18th of July, 1845, and Woodhead Tunnel on the 22nd of Dec, the same year. The service of trains then was better to time than they are now, and equally as numerous.

On the 9th of July, 1847, "The Manchester Waterworks Act" received the Royal assent, and operations for the construction of the Woodhead Reservoirs were shortly commenced. On the 2nd of Oct, 1880, there were 1,400 men employed. Glossop and district received considerable benefit from the workpeople employed at Woodhead before the whole of the reservoirs were completed, whilst the ratable value of the Union was satisfactorily increased.

Amongst the social events of this period of our history was the marriages on the 7th of July, 1829, of Mr John Bennett of Turn Lee, to Miss Millicent Hadfeld, of Glossop; on the 24th July, 1831, of Ann, daughter of John Kershaw, Hurst, to Thomas Slack, surgeon, of Stockport; on the 4th of Oct., 1832, John Rusby, surgeon, Glossop, to Mary, only daughter of Robert Lees, of Padfield Brook; on the 20th of Nov., 1834, Mr William Platt, of Hadfield Lodge, to Miss Goddard, of Tintwistle; and in 1835 Samuel Lees, of Padfield, to Elisa, daughter of John Wood, Howard Town.

Amongst the births of those who are now deceased were in 1826 Joseph Middleton Stafford, ex-Mayor and alderman; in 1828 Emma, daughter of William Sidebottom, who became Mrs John Hill Wood, of Whitfield House; and in 1834 James Sidebottom, ex-Mayor and alderman.

Amongst the losses through death the most noted were in 1827 the Rev. J. Barbe, for over 30 years the Roman Catholic priest at Glossop; 3rd of June, 1829, William Henry Jackson, aged 37, surgeon, Glossop; 25th March, 1830, Benjamin Rolfe, aged 63, cotton manufacturer, Glossop; 22nd Jan., 1831, Francis White, aged 71, Park Hall; 28th Sept., 1831, Ralph Fearn, aged 55, Mellor; 28th Sept., 1831, George Hadfield, aged 59, Old-Hall, Mottram. The last two were officers in the Old Glossop Volunteers, and it is a curious coincidence that they should both die on the same day.
14th Feb. 1832, Thomas Petty, aged 22, surgeon; Glossop ; 1st March, 1832, Josiah Cheetham, cotton manufacturer, killed, Vale House; 21st Dec., 1832, Joseph Taylor, aged 87, gardener, Glossop, for 60 years gardener at Glossop Hall; 7th April, 1833, Robert Thornley, aged 61, surgeon, Charlesworth, killed at Tintwistle bridge, by being thrown from his horse; 2nd June, 1834, Charles Winterbottom, aged 87, parish clerk, Glossop; 27th July, 1834, Matthew Ellison, aged 83, Glossop, for 37 years the agent to the Glossop estate; 19th April, 1836, Aaron Ashton, aged 104, pensioner, Hayfield, he served 28 years in the army and was wounded at the battle of Bunkers Hill, 17th of June, 1775; 5th Oct., 1835, James Sidebottom, cotton manufacturer, Hollingworth House; 13th June, 1836, James Kershaw, aged 65, cotton manufacturer, Charlestown; 25th June, 1837, Robert Lees, aged 75, cotton manufacturer, Padfield; 15th Jan., 1838, John Kershaw, aged 70, cotton manufacturer, Hurst; 26th Oct., 1838, Rev George Partington, aged 65, Independent minister, Littlemoor, Glossop; 19th May, 1839, Rev Benjamin Barritt, aged 60, Wesleyan minister; 27th April, 1840, Thomas Ellison; 28th Oct., 1840, John Wright, aged 73, cotton manufacturer, Milltown; 17th Feb., 1841, George Booth, aged 31, Holehouse, accidentally shot himself with a pistol; 1st May, 1841, Edward Lees, aged 35, cotton manufacturer, Padfield Bank; 4th Jan., 1842, John Dearnalley, aged 66, schoolmaster, Whitfield, for 41 years the schoolmaster at Hague's Endowed school; 15th Jan.,1842, James Howe, aged 58, schoolmaster, Milltown; 14th Feb., 1842, James Booth, aged 66, machinist, Charlesworth; 16th March, 1842, Bernard Edward, 12th Duke of Norfolk, aged 76; 24th Aug., 1844, Benjamin Harrison, aged 57, cotton manufacturer, Chisworth; 13th Oct., 1844, John Goddard, J.P., aged 60, Padfield; 5th Dec., 1844, John Rusby aged 40, surgeon, Hadfield; 9th Dec., 1844, Thomas Eastham, aged 46, surgeon, Hadfeld; 20th May, 1845, John Knott, aged 80, retired cotton manufacturer, Glossop; 28th May, 1845, John Rusby, aged 78. late cotton manufacturer, Milltown; 26th July, 1845, William Barber, aged 68, cotton manufacturer, Padfield; 29th May, 1846, James Bosley, schoolmaster Whitfield; 20th June, 1846, John Garlick, aged 44, schoolmaster, Littlemoor; 28th Aug, 1848, Joseph Robinson, aged 77, woollen manufacturer, Gnat Hole; 19th Feb., 1847, Chas. Hodgkinson, aged 40, schoolmaster, Milltown; 2nd, Oct., 1847, Thomas Preston, aged 78, auctioneer, Pikes House; 18th Oct., 1848, John Bennett, aged 51, cotton manufacturer etc., Turn Lee; 12th Dec., 1848, Robert Shepley (junior), aged 39, cotton manufacturer, Glossop; 24th Aug., 1849, Joseph Fielding, aged 83, schoolmaster, Glossop; 1st Sep., 1849, Rev Christopher Howe, aged 84 vicar of Glossop; 2nd Sept., 1849, Robert Hall, aged 52, schoolmaster Padfield.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Exciting and Alarming Occurrences.

Many, exciting and alarming occurrences took place from 1825 to 1850. In 1831 Mr Benjamin Harrison constructed a reservoir at Chisworth to supply his mill with water. He had no scientific or practical knowledge of reservoir making, but made the bank what be thought would be of sufficient strength. Some of his workpeople were, however, of a different opinion, and on the 1st of Oct., when Mr Harrison admitted the water, they stood in a safe place. There were others of the workpeople who had every confidence in Mr Harrison's judgment, and these unfortunately went on with their work in the mill. The reservoir filled up, but the banks, being, as predicted, too weak, gave way ; the overlooker who was watching them gave the alarm, and those who were working in the lower room of the mill escaped. The mill was washed down, and a man and two women working in the upper story were drowned.

William Thorpe Shot.
Thorpe Street is so named after two brothers called Thorpe, who built some houses there, and one of them, William, a joiner, met with his death in a remarkable, and, to some people, in suspicious manner. At the Pingot, Old Glossop, where the sisters who teach in the Roman Catholic schools reside, is a wall opposite to the houses, which was much lower in height than it is now. The old road from Glossop passed by the end of the houses, and on the 1st Feb.; 1833, Mr Thorpe was passing down when be looked over the wall, and was immediately shot by a man named John Wyatt, who stated that he was shooting at a rabbit. Mr Thorpe lingered a week, when he died, at the age of 40, much regretted by all who knew him.

Dishonest Shopkeepers.
Honesty amongst shopkeepers does not seem to have been very, general. On the 18th of July, 1838, a raid was made, and 50 of them were fined at Hayfield by John White, J.P., and G. W. Newton, J.P., from 5s to 20s and costs, for having false weights in their possession. Amongst the offenders there were 2 from Glossop, 1 Howard Town, 1 Simmondley, 1 Chunal, 1 Woolley Bridge, 5 Charlesworth, and 1 Chisworth.

"Glossop Hunt"
At one time the "Glossop Hunt" was very strong, and many good runs were placed to their credit. John Des Jardins was the secretary, but for some cause the hunt became a failure, and a meeting was called on the 7th of Nov., 1833, to try and revive it up, but it was of no use, and on the 2nd of Oct., 1834, the boiler, which would hold 100 gallons, and other material, were sold by auction. The kennels were on the site now occupied by Mr Furniss's steam laundry.

Hurst Flood.
The most disastrous thunderstorm that Glossop ever experienced (or at least, is known) occurred on Wednesday, the 30th of July, 1834. Glossop appeared to be enveloped in one continuous blaze of lighting, while the thunder pealing amongst the hills was peculiarly loud and terrible, and the rain and hail poured down in quantities, of which no description can give an adequate idea. After this war of the elements had continued for nearly an hour without intermission, the rain began to abate, the thunder to sound more distant, and the inhabitants, who had generally been most terrified by the unexampled violence of the storm, were beginning to congratulate themselves on the termination of the danger, when their attention was suddenly called to a new and more urgent source of alarm in the tremendous flood which the rain had produced, and which now began to sweep down the valley with terrific force and rapidity.
A cloud had burst near the shooting cabin at Cabin Clough, nearly on the summit of the Sheffield Road, and two men who were in the cabin were in great danger. From an height of 1,241 feet the water descended to Hurst Bridge, a fall of ever 660 feet, and its force may therefore be imagined. A mason at the Hurst Mill saw the water coming down, and gave the alarm, but scarcely any of them could get out. The pressure of the water broke the windows, and the lower rooms were soon seven feet deep. Those who could climbed on the top of the carding engines, where they had to remain until the water had subsided. Ann Hague and Elisabeth Wilde, two young women, and a child two years old, were caught outside the mill and drowned. The blowing room and its contents were destroyed and swept away, whilst the machinery, nearly new, in the carding room, was spoiled. There were many narrow escapes from drowning.
At John Wood's mill the looms were covered with water, and holes had to be cut in the roofs to rescue some of the hands. The old house near Burgess's mill was flooded, and Mrs Green was with difficulty saved. All the lower parts of the mills were flooded, as the flood came down the Chunal Moors as well as from the Cold Harbour Moor.
Howard Town, Charlestown, Primrose, and Dinting bridges were entirely destroyed, and others seriously injured. Over £20,000 damage was done, the damage to bridges and roads amounting to nearly £3,000.
The Umpire Mail Coach had to return to Glossop, and the roads presented a remarkable spectacle, being covered with dead fish, sheep, lambs, hares, rabbits, grouse, and other birds and animals. Hundreds of trees that grew on the banks of the streams were swept away, the river Etherow presenting & remarkable appearance from the quantity of debris floating down. A man lost his life at Compstall in trying to recover some furniture.

In Nov., 1836, an eagle was seen passing over Glossop, it was shot at Hayfield in the same month.
In 1836 Gnat Hole Bridge was washed down by a flood.

Robberies. A great number of robberies were taking place about this time in Glossop, and the constable being unable to cope with the thieves, the tradesmen and gentry formed the "Glossop Association for the Prosecution of Felons." When a robbery took place it wag immediately reported to Mr Thomas Ellison, the secretary of the Association, who immediately offered a reward in proportion to the offence; by, this means accomplices were tempted to betray each other, and the system led to many of the offenders being arrested and punished.

Sensational Events.
On the 31st Oct., 1838, Thomas Manning, coming from Sheffield, was murdered near Glossop. No one was ever convicted for it. A man was arrested, but there was not sufficient evidence to prove him guilty. The spot where the murder was committed can be identified by a stone in tho wall having the letters M. M. H. cut in it the meaning being, man murdered here.
It was not wise when travelling on the stage coach to be drunk, for on the 27th of April, 1839, a Mr John Bowden, being in that condition, fell from the top and was killed in Glossop.
On the 8th of Aug., 1842 Mr and Mrs Samuel Shaw, of Charlesworth were returning from Mottram in company with named James Ford, when Ford murdered Mr Shaw and grossly assaulted Mrs Shaw.
On the 13th of June,1847, Samuel Burgin, a private in the 69h Regiment was found dead in Glossop.
There are many in Glossop to day who remember to their sorrow the loss by burning of the "Ocean Monarch”, on the 8th of Aug., 1848, when on voyage to Boston. A number of Glossop emigrants were on board, and perished with many others in the flames.
On the 7th and 8th of Sept., 1849, the first Floral and Horticultural Show was held in the Town Hall, Glossop, and was a great success.
Much regret and sympathy was shown to Mr John des Jardins, who, when returning from the Manorial Court Leet, fell from his horse and broke his thigh. He was never the same man again.
Great alarm was caused in Sept 1849, by the undisputed fact that the fatal scourge, Asiatic cholera, had broken out in Glossop. The following were the victims: 19th Sept., Thomas Hulme, aged 45, Higher Barn, 3 days' illness; 24th Sept., Thomas Dearnaley. aged 31, Hadfield; 24th Sept, James Rowbottom, aged 31, Glossop, 12 hours illness; 15th Oct., Hannah Bennett, aged 64, Heath, 14 hours illness; 18th Oct., James Bennett, aged 72, Heath, 23 hours illness; 6th Nov., Joel Bennett, aged 56, 53 hours illness. Immediate steps were taken to confine its influence, which proved effectual.

On the 9th Sept., 1850, Mr Joseph Oates was presented by the inhabitants of Glossop with a silver goblet and salter as a slight acknowledgment of his 27 years' services as the postmaster. It was stated at the presentation that "the population of Glossop-dale embraced within the circle of the Post Office cannot now be less than 2,000, but the salary attached to it is still the same as twenty years ago, namely £12”.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Comparison of Assessments, etc..

The following comparison of the assessments of the townships will show the progress made from 1825 to 1850 :-


1825

1850


£

s

d

£

s

d

Glossop

1790

7

8

7637

12

7

Whitfield

905

1

9

4878

15

2

Chunal

453

1

8

389

5

10

Simmondley

568

10

0

1176

7

0

Dinting

589

9

11

1912

5

4

Padfield

1044

0

6

4314

11

0

Hadfield

721

13

4

2596

11

9

Charlesworth

1381

13

4

3020

10

0


7453

18

2

25925

18

8

Number of houses


1825

1850

Glossop

227

817

Whitfield

124

660

Chunal

17

10

Simmondley

41

76

Dinting

25

64

Padfield

118

215

Hadfield

102

303

Charlesworth

120

247


774

2392

The townships of Glossop, Chunal, Simmondley, Dinting, Hadfield and Charlesworth are all leasehold lands belonging to the Lord of the Manor, The township of Hadfield contained in 1825 a portion of freehold land assessed at £22, belonging to Mr. John Thornley and a portion assessed at £139 15s. to George Hadfield of the Old Hall, Mottram, The remainder was leasehold, part of the Glossop estate. Part of the township of Whitfield is likewise the Lord of the Manor's, but the main portion is freehold - hence the name Freetown.

According to the assessments the following were the freeholders of Whitfield in 1825, in respective order of their rates: John Kershaw; Joseph Hadfield; Joseph Dearnally; Bostock's Executors; John Robinson; John Beeley; William Kershaw; Samuel Bray; Sarah Shaw; John Goddard; John Harrison; George Bennett; William Wardlow; Mr. Anderson; John Harrison Senior; Mr. George Hadfield; James Hadfield; John Hadfield; Robert Hadfield; John Hampson; Joseph Bennett; Mr. John White; James Bennett; John Dearnalley; George Wagstaffe; John Hadfield; Edward Bennett; Benjamin Goodison; Thomas Heginbottom; John Newton's executors; Bennett's executors; Thomas Harrison; John Bradbury; George Mason; Hannah Hegginbottom; John Harrison,junr.

In 1825 and for many years after, the cotton masters farmed land and sold the produce and the cattle they killed to their employees and this was the, general custom throughout this and other districts.

The Principal Farmers were in 1825:
Glossop: Wm. Herbert; John Johnson and Son; Joshua Shepley; Joseph Oates; John Rowbottom; George Winterbottom; Samuel Bowden; Matthew Winterbottom; Thomas Wilkinson; Benjamin Rolfe; Joseph Wyatt; Rev. C, Howe; Robert Shepley; James Bretland; John Shepley.
Simmondley: Joseph Hadfield, Hall; Mr. Moses Hadfield; Samuel Garlick; Thomas Thornley.
Charlesworth: Samuel Shepley; Abraham Jackson; Mr. Moses Hadfield; William Wardlow; J. and W. Cooper; John Wagstaffe; George Hobson; Joseph Jackson; John Shaw; John Marsden; Samuel Marsland; John Harrison; James Harrison; James Mottram; Samuel Dewsnap; John Hegginbottom; Sarah Shaw; John Wild; Benjamin Cooper; Samuel Cooper; James Booth.
Padfield: John Wagstaffe; Robert Thomley; John, William and James Sidebottom; Joshua Roberts; Thomas Thornley; Ellen Hadfield; William Boyer; Joseph Newton; Thomas Turner; John Frost; Thomas Hadfield; Moses Hadfield; John Goddard; William Garlick; Robert Lees; William Rhodes.
Hadfield: Thomas Thornley; John Boyer; Joseph Bray; Widow Warhurst & son; Samuel Taylor; Joseph Moss; Samuel Shepley; John Wood; William Wagstaff.
Dinting: Daniel Nield; Mr. Thomley; Widow Platt; James Platt; George Platt Thomas Platt; Joseph Cooper; Mr. Moses Hadfield; James Hall.
Whitfield: John Kershaw; John Hood; John Hampson; Benjamin Rolfe; James Robinson; Thomas Garside; William Priestnall; John Bowers; John Bennett.

The Low Quarry was worked by Jackson's and Co.

The Coal Mines.
In 1850 the railway had not affected the coal mines in the neighbourhood, and Messrs. James and Jonathan Jowett were working the mines at Charlesworth, Chisworth and Ludworth, their assessment for these being £714 8s 4d. The railway was the means of a better and cheaper class of coal being supplied to customers, and now all these collieries are dismantled and silent. The railway has also helped the rates to a considerable extent, the assessment for 1850 being £2,226 18s 1d.

Former Streets.
In the township of Glossop in 1850 there was only one street that was named, and that was Oldham Street, built by Joseph Higginbottom; the others were grouped together under various names.
Glossop meant the houses round the Church and Cross;
Castle Hill included what is now Thorpe Street;
Wellgate as at present with the exception of the houses near the bridge, which were called Salford;
Rough Town was Hope Street and the long row of houses (now pulled down);
Barrack Row was Hope Hill;
Berresford Hill is now Hawks Head;
The Warth, sometimes called The Wharf, is Shepley Street;
Smithy Bar was the houses at the west end of Church Street;
Woodcock Road, the houses above the Royal Oak;
Hurst Mill, the houses in the mill yard;
Cow Brook, the houses near the mill.
Rose Green was a large district, having over 100 houses in it, and it embraced the west part of Sheffield Road, south part of Hall Street, Silk Street, and High Street East, nearly to Corn Mill Bridge;
Com Mill Bridge, the houses adjoining Mill Town;
The Corn Mill, whence the name is derived, Corn Street, part of High Street East to Manor Inn, Milltown, Mill town and Mill Street;
Howard Town, from the Manor Inn, High Street East, to Shepley Mill Bridge, and all the present streets to the north of High Street West.
The township of Whitfield embraced all Hague Street and Cliffe Road, Little Moor, Victoria Street from the Bridge to the Fountain, and the streets to the east;
New Church, Victoria Street from the Fountain to Freetown, James Street and neighbourhood;
Green Vale, High Street West from Shepley Mill bridge to just below the Grapes Inn, the streets adjoining the south part of the street, the Globe Yard, and the lower part of St, Mary's Road;
Junction, the westerly portion of High St. West, Junction Lane, now Primrose Lane, as far south as the footpath to Queen Street;
Prim Rose, the part of Primrose Lane near to Bridgefield;
Township of Dinting, Dinting Vale from Dinting Bridge to Moodsbottom Bridge, Dinting Mill, now Dinting Lane;
Township of Hadfield, was described as Thornley Mill, near Station, Streets near Waterside, Bank Bottom, North Row, Yorkshire Row, Shed Row, Cross St., Factory Yard, Facing Shed, Lower Barn, Wooley Bridge and Brook Field;
Township of Padfield, Vale House, Bross Croft, Tintwistle Bridge, Factory Street, Darwent Row, Nine Holes, Factory Yard, Shed Row, Cross Street, Waterside, and Bank Bottom North Row.

The Licensed Houses.
In 1825 the licensed houses were few, they were the Bull's Head, Mrs Esther Pickford; Royal Oak, Joshua Shepley; Howard Arms, John Wagstaffe, junior; Norfolk Arms, Joseph Oates ; Junction Inn, Thomas Preston ; Dog and Partridge Woolley Bridge, Mrs Mary Crowther. At Charlesworth: Bull's Head, John Hall : George and Dragon, Samuel Booth ; Grey Mare, Mary Brocklehurst ; and Horse Shoe. William Bennett. The Beer Act of 1830 increased the number of beerhouses very largely, and some of them had no names, and others had nick-names given to them. The Balloon Tavern was on Derbyshire Level and when taken down the stones were used to build a house in a field near to, and which was long known as Mushroom Hall. The Horse and Jockey was in Surrey Street; Mason's Arms and The Boy and Barrel, near Shepley Mill Bridge ; Pig and Whistle, at the junction of Derby and Kershaw Streets; Quiet Woman, near Nag's Head; Ring O' Bells, now Mechanics' Arms; Shuttle Inn, 34 High Street West; Cotton Tree Inn, 8, High Street West; Three Tuns, kept by Tinman Wait in Wellgate; Lord Raglan, 1, Chapel Street; Star Inn, 148, High Street West; Friendship Inn, 187, Hall Street; Talbot Inn, Bernard Street; Feathers Inn, now Star Inn, Chapel Street; Railway Hotel, Conservative Club.

No. 31, High Street West, was kept by the owner, who had a very strong objection to paying the window tax. Mr. F. Sumner, who lived on the opposite side of the road, was friendly with him, and when Mr Sumner got notice that the window tax collector was coming from Derby, he used to shout across the road, "Tom, the daylight and darkness chap is coming." Tom always had the requisite quantity of bricks stored up ready for this occasion, and on receiving this intelligence he used to immediately start and brick up one of the lower windows, and thus evade the tax. Every inhabitant know when they saw the window bricked up what it meant, and after the collector had returned the bricks were taken out and daylight once more admitted.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Peculiar Taxes and Township Statistics..

Peculiar Taxes.
A glance at the list of the assessed taxpayers for 1846 is interesting.
For an occasional male servant Drs. William Hunt, Thomas Turton, and William Wardlow Howard paid 30s each per annum ; Messrs John Wood, James Sidebottom, Robert Shepley, Robert Lees, Rev. George Marsden, and Mrs Maria Wagstaffe, for a regular male servant, paid 24s each ; Mr Edmund Potter, having two, paid 62s.
For the convenience of having a two-wheel carriage Messrs John Wood and John Hadfeld paid 65s; Mr Edmund Potter, James Sidebottom, and Robert Shepley, having both a two and a four-wheeler, paid £7 5s each.
For riding horses 13 hands high the following paid 21s each:- Michael Ellison, Dr. W.W. Howard, George Tomlinson, Edmund Potter (two).
For riding horses over 18 hands 28s 0d was paid by Dr. W. Hunt, John Hadfeld, Robert Lees, Rev. G. Marsden, Richard Newton (butcher), Edmund Potter, Robert Shepley. Robert Shaw (butcher), James Sidebottom, Dr. T. Turton, John Wood, and James Waterhouse, the workhouse master.
For horses used for carting and such-like purposes 10s 6d per annum was paid, there being 96 horses paid for, of which the following were the only persons who had more than two:- Messrs Wood's 20, Messrs Sidebottom's 8, Samuel Oliver (paper maker) 4, Samuel Shepley 3, Robert Lees 3, Henry Lees 3, and James Harrop (farmer) 3.
For coursing purposes the following paid £2 1s for their greyhounds:- John Wood, Dr W. Hunt, and Thomas P. Wreaks.
For shooting purposes, used by gamekeepers and the gentry who shot over the moors, there were 34 dogs paid for at 14s each.
On house dogs the tax was 8s each, and there were 6 kept.
No one paid the armorial bearings duty.

For having eight windows, 16s 6d each was paid by George Williamson, shopkeeper; Thomas Peacock Wreaks, druggist; John Wormald, shoemaker; Mrs Jane Greaves, Mrs Eliza Thorpe, Dr. T. Turton, John Pott (butcher), Joseph Oates (bailiff).
For nine windows 21s was paid by Thomas Lees, Henry Lees, William Platt (cotton manufacturer), John Sykes, Mary Newton, Joseph Bottoms, licensed victuallers ; James Sugden (butcher), John Atkinson (draper), Saville Crowther and John and Joseph Hampson, shopkeepers.
Ten windows entailed a cost of 28s to Ralph Hammersley (shoemaker), Robert Lees and John Barber (cotton manufacturers), Rev. Teague (of St. James' Church), Joseph Wood (licensed victualler), Dr. W. Hunt, and William Webb (draper).
36s 3d each was paid for 11 windows by Rev. C. Howe (vicar), Edmund W. Thompson (solicitor and deputy-coroner), John Chatterton (shopkeeper), and John Garlick (licensed victualler).
Having 12 windows meant an expense of £2 4s 9d to Charles Band and Charles Fielding (licensed victuallers), and Mr John Goddard.
Thirteen cost £2 13s 3d - Samuel Wagstaffe, Richard Bragg, James Kendrick, James Pickford (licensed victuallers), John Shepley (farmer), and Robert Shepley (cotton manufacturer).
For 14 windows there was paid £3 1s 9d by James Collier (licensed victualler), Miss Ellison, Rev. George Marsden, and James Sidebottom (cotton manufacturer).
Fifteen windows cost £3 10s, and was paid by John Bond, Thomas Higginbottom, and John Higginbottom (licensed victuallers).
Mr John Wood had 16, for which he paid £3 18s 6d.
Rev. T. Fauvel and Samuel Oliver had 17, for which they each paid £4 7s.
Mrs Maria Wagstaffe's 21 windows at the Norfolk Arms cost her annually £6 0s 6d; Mr Edmund Potter's 25, £7 14s 3d; and Mr Michael Ellison's 45 at Glossop Hall £15 16s 9d.

Acreage.
The area in statute acres of the various townships in Glossop parish were: Padfield, 6,464; Glossop, 4,828; Whitfield, 2608; Charlesworth 1,465; Simmondley 999; Chunal 902; Dinting 603; Hadfield 425.
The above townships with the addition of Ludworth and. Chisworth form the Glossop Union. The area of Ludworth is 1,626 and Chisworth 859 statute acres. The Glossop Union is 33 square miles in area.

Population.
The census returns show the increase in population of the ten townships:
1801 3,625; 1811 4,012; 1821 6,212; 1831 9,631; 1841 14,577; 1851 19,587

Before 1821 the populations of the townships were not given separately:


1821

1831

1841

1851

Glossop

1351

2012

3548

5467

Whitfield

984

1734

3044

4774

Chunal

145

119

111

113

Simmondley

340

454

592

676

Charlesworth

1055

1206

1732

1714

Padfield

499

1102

1656

2051

Hadfield

659

1270 (returned
together in 1831).

1499

1989

Dinting

142

387

670

Chisworth)

1077

1734

532

555

Ludworth )



1476

1578

In 1821 281 families were employed in agriculture. In 1831 the number had decreased to 218.
In 1821 776 families were employed in manufacture or handicrafts, increasing in 1831 to 1410.
There were 177 families not classed.
The census of 1841 gave the number of persons in each township that were not born in the county. The percentage of immigrants was: Padfield – 50; Hadfield – 47; Dinting – 39; Glossop – 32; Charlesworth – 29; Ludworth – 29; Whitfield – 28; Chunal – 26; Simmondley – 23; Chisworth – 17.

Number of Houses in the Township.


1821

1831

1841

1851


Inhabited

Empty

Inhabited

Empty

Inhabited

Empty

Inhabited

Empty

Glossop

217

5

368

2

615

79

918

20

Whitfield

163

6

265

9

517

21

811

10

Chunal

24

2

19

3

19

2

21

1

Simmondley

55

4

83

4

108

3

122

1

Charlesworth

161

4

208

5

291

4

314

8

Padfield

77

5

173

2

273

11

311

5

Hadfield

115

0


225


6

267

14

348

3

Dinting

25

1

67

7

125

1

Chisworth)

179

0

312

19

95

9

103

11

Ludworth))





281

22

299

16


The Parish of Glossop, in addition to the above townships, formerly included the chapelries of Mellor and Chinley, Bugsworth and Brownside, the hamlets of Beard, Kinder, Great Hamlet, Phoside, Ollersett, Thornsett and Whittle. New Mills is in the township of Beard now formed of the hamlets of Beard, Ollersett, Thornsett and Whittle.

The Roads.
The Chapel-en-le-Frith and Enterclough Bridge Road is 21 miles long, and passes through three parishes. 19 miles are in the parish of Glossop, 1¼ in Chapel and ¾ of a mile in Mottram. From the report of the Commissioners for enquiring into the state of the roads in 1840 it appears that the Trustees of the road were paying about £560 in interest yearly to the bond holders and when we take into consideration that the various townships had to contribute towards keeping the road in repair it will give us an idea how trade was hampered by the tolls, there being at that time seven toll gates and five side toll gates on the road.
The Glossop and Marple Bridge Road is 12¼ miles long, all in the parish of Glossop and had in 1840 four toll gates and six side toll gates and paid over £500 in interest. The townships had also to contribute to this road.
The Sheffield and Glossop road is 24 miles long, passing through five parishes of which four miles are in the parish of Sheffield, four in Ecclesfield two and three quarters in Hope and three and a half miles in Glossop. In 1840 there were seven toll gates and two side toll gates and the amount of interest paid was over £1,550 the township being liable to repair the 3 and a half miles of the road in the township.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Literary Glossop..

"The Adventures of Joshua Goldstraw, by land and sea to which is added The Cruelties of Abigail ; together with her Falsities, as described in a Valentine, and composed by her sweetheart. Price three-pence. Glossop: Printed for J. Nutter, Bookseller and Stationer, 1834."
The above is the title of a book written by a man who resided in Simmondley and had retired from selling "Cotton and linen thread, pins and needles, tapes and moles, etc., etc." It is a most curious book, and written by a man whose reason had evidently been touched by disappointed love. At the date the book was printed there were no printers in Glossop. Printing had to be sent to Ashton-under-Lyne or Stockport.
Shortly afterwards Henry Dawson came and set up business in Hall Street, but meeting with financial difficulties he did a "moonlight flit" with a portion of his trade utensils. The best of the type was wheeled away in a barrow, and concealed at the Jumble. The business was then carried on under the name of his father-in-law, Mr Perry, and it was during this period that they published two interesting poems written by a local poet.
Mr William Bennett, born Jan, 5th, 1806, a minder at Wood's, was a poet of local repute. Two of his poems, "The Flying Serpent" and "The Spire Holly Boggart," both founded on local incidents, were printed by J. Perry, Hall Street, Glossop. Mr Bennett's preface is as follows :-
"As I neither have, nor want, nor deserve a patron, to whom with sincere respect I can dedicate the following pages, without fawning sycophancy, lying panegyrick or servile adulation, I dedicate the work to myself, William Bennett, Glossop, Oct. 17th, 1840.

The composition "The Spire Holly Boggart" was as follows :-

"If that is no a boggart, there never wor non, if ther'n reetly sifted in too." Tim Bobbin.

"Twas on a dreary winter's morning, very soon,
And clouds had veiled the stars and overcast the moon,
I left my easy bed and quiet peaceful cot,
And hurried down a lane (Smithy Lane) that often was my lot.

I took both drink and victuals for the coming day;
And in a cheery mood I bent my lonely way;
A way which timorous mortals often passed with fear,
Believing some foul murder had been committed there;
For dismal, doleful groans, some fancied they had heard,
And ghostly visions to some eyes had oft appeared.

The morn being chilly cold, I quickened my pace,
Unthinking of the lonely, dreaded, haunted place:
And as I hurried on, I heard a startling hiss ;
Which caus'd me to exclaim, in sudden fear, "What's this?"

I stopped, looked round, yet nothing could see, still
I heard a noise at hand which sounded loud and shrill !
Long I stood wondering, till the sound was lost :-
Was the sound but fancy? or, was there then a ghost?
Unwilling to believe the last, I checked my fears;
Thinking imagination, perhaps, deceived my ears.

Or, as the morn was dark, there many things might be,
As birds, or reptiles near, which then I could not see,
And whose loud chirping tokened the approach of day:
Concluding this the case, I hastened on my way.

But, dreadful to relate! I'd not gone many feet,
Before the sounds again my listening ear did meet!
While I stood trembling near the dismal lonely spot,
A loud report sounds "Pop!" I thought I had been shot.

I started turned me round, almost as quick as thought ;
And by so doing, reader, found the boggart out!
A bottle of well-brew'd beer I carried; which, at length,
By jogging in my pocket, needs must show its strength
By pressing past the cork, and chirping at the top:
At last the cork flew out, and boldly cried out "Pop!"

Ah, fickle self, thought I; whither did reason roam,
Whilst thou stood trembling here at what thou brought from home!
Hadst thou not bean abroad, where ghosts and goblins dwell,
Thou wouldst not have been scared by what thou lovest so well.

Or hadst thou quaffed the juice of generous barleycorn,
It would have kept thy spirits up on that drear morn,
And all the spirits that Spire-Holly ever bred
Before thy bold, undaunted courage would have fled.
So, when again of drink thy pocket bears a Bottle,
Remember, first, to let a drop go down thy throttle!

To amuse his hearers, the author often recited the foregoing short piece in public. Previously to its being first heard, a notion prevailed that Spire-Holly Pit was haunted. The tale, however, if it had no other merit, had the merit of banishing the Boggart; neither is the sprite now ever seen, nor the rumour believed that the pit was formerly haunted.
(See This Article for a slightly different version of the poem, published in 1874).

The agitation with respect to the fines levied in the cotton mills and the hours of labour led to the publication of a work called "The Chronicles of Glossop and neighbourhood. In two chapters. Addressed to the manufacturers and other classes resident therein. By Once a Little Piecer .” It became very popular, and went through many editions. There were no newspapers published nearer than Manchester, but there was published a monthly paper called "The Ashton Chronicle," which contained much local news, but unfortunately there are very few now in existence.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Marriage, Funerals and Romance..

The marriage announcements in the newspapers of former days were sometimes very
amusing. Here is one from the "Stockport Advertiser" :-
A Mellor Marriage.
On Monday last (21.10.1833), at Glossop, Mr Matthew Miller, of Mellor, confectioner, joiner and bailiff, aged 68, to Miss Sarah Healey, of the same place, aged 50. The bridegroom, who is better known by the appellation of "Little Matthew Mintcake," has for the fourth time paid his devotions to the altar of Hymen. At the age of 22 he took a wife at the tender age of 15, whom he killed with kindness in 28 weeks. He sorrowed for his loss two years, and then took another of a rather more mature age, with whom he lived in connubial bliss for nearly a fifth of a century, and from this union sprang a race of Mintcakes, lovely like the parent stock. Little Matthew, who had now attained his 42nd year, was still amorously inclined, but, unlike some of the devotees of Hymen (of his age or more) of the present day, was not inclined to rock the cradle till he was three score years and ten. He therefore determined to look out for another mate, who had lost the hole in her tooth, as he termed it, or, to use a sporting phrase, was "aged," and who would keep him "clean and tidy."
Such an one he found, after sorrowing in his weeds six months, in the person of a Yorkshire virgin, of the age of 56, to whom he united himself after a six weeks' courtship. In unalloyed happiness they, lived till five years after her strength had become "but labour and sorrow," and as she had kept her spouse "clean and tidy" during life, he laid her in "a clean and tidy coffin," made with his own hands. Mr Miller was now in his 62nd year and for a time thought that a fourth trial would but be "vanity and vexation of the spirit," but being still a housekeeper, and, latterly, becoming possessed of two pigs, and obliged frequently to leave home on his multifarious business, he found on his return in the evening his fire out, his pigs squeaking and threatening in earnest to bolt over the pig cote door unless fed like other pigs. In this dilemma our little hero resolved to look for another mate "who had lost the hole in her tooth," and who would keep him "clean and tidy." Miss Sarah Healey was a neighbour, who, for some reasons as Sarah of old, was not likely to increase the little veteran's family. Moreover she was "clean and tidy."
He, therefore, popped the question about a month ago, when she, like our common mother Eve "nothing loath," "didn't care much about it," but began from that day to feed his pigs and keep him clean and tidy, this with the view of convincing little Mintcake, that though she had spent nearly half a century in the late Mr Oldknow's mill, she was not unacquainted with housewifery. In fact, she "brew'd a peck o' malt" with which to keep the wedding. After the marriage ceremony was over, the happy couple set off for Longshut Lane to spend the Honey Moon.

The Parish Hearse.
There was not the same rivalry in the undertaking business as at the present time. The Hearse belonged to the Parish, but like everything else it sometimes required repairs. The roads not being kept in as good a condition as they are now, and not being lighted, accidents were frequent, and the hearse was patched up until it became shabby. The select vestry on the 26th of March, 1829, held a meeting specially convened for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of purchasing a new hearse and two sets of harness for the use of the Township. The church wardens were authorised to get the above. On the 27th of July in the same year the old Hearse was given away as the following resolution passed by the Vestry shows:
"That Mr John Shaw be allowed to remove the old hearse and harness to Charlesworth for the use of that hamlet and the others adjacent, upon his providing a place to put it in, and exonerating the Parish of Glossop from all expenses which may be incurred in respect of such removal."

Not much was paid for cleaning hearses : "That the sum of sixpence per mile be charged to all persons requiring the use of the new hearse out of the confines of the eight Townships of Glossop dale for every mile that the said hearse should travel from the hearse house and, that they pay the further sum of one shilling and sixpence for cleaning the same.

One morning some men who had been drinking all night thought they would have a lark, so they drew the Charlesworth hearse out of its place into the road, but the men all being drunk, the hearse heavy, and the road steep, it began to go down the hill, the men trying to stop it, but it overpowered them, and dashed into a wall, sustaining much damage. The men when trying to stop it were cursing and swearing and the noise they made woke up an old lady who mistook the rumbling noise made by the hearse for thunder, and being rather nervous she woke her husband up asking him to listen to the thunder. The old chap, whose hearing was quicker than his wife's, said "Thunder be hanged tha' never yerd thunder say d---."

This hearse met with some adventures, one day it was required some distance away, and the driver had to leave early in the morning. During the day snow began to fall, and the driver had the greatest difficulty in seeing a few yards before him. Now it so happened that the gate of a field had been left open, and in the bad light, the driver drove the horse straight into the field without noticing it ; he went forward until be came to the hedge on the opposite side when of course he could go no further. He travelled round the field, but by this time, the snow had covered up his tracks, and he was unable to find his way out. He then became seriously alarmed and began to scream out at the top of his voice "Lost! Lost! th' Hearse is lost!" After some time his cries were heard and he was released from his difficulties, but for some time after wards it was not wise to ask in his presence “Who lost th' Hearse?"

An Old Funeral Custom.
One of the old funeral customs was to present to each mourner on entering the house, cake, wine, and a sprig of rosemary. The rosemary was worn in the breast, and when the mourners were at the graveside it was dropped on the coffin. A Yorkshireman who had recently come to Glossop went to the funeral of one of his neighbours, and happening to be the first mourner to enter the house, he was at a loss, what to do with the sprig of rosemary, so he solved the difficulty by eating it. One of the women asked him if he Would have some more, and he said " Well, I'll have some cake, but no more yarbs!".

Courtship.
When a young man and maiden began to look sheepish at each other it generally ended by the youth asking his fancy, "Art goin' to Simmondley on Sunday?", "Why what does want know for?”, "Well, am goin' and had trate thee if I sed thee."

James Haughton, one of the characters at that time, was better known by his nick name. Jimmy professed to be a local preacher, but he was never known to preach, because he could never get anyone to listen to him. He brewed some strange decoction which he called "sins drink." but it varied in taste because Jimmy varied the quantities of his ingredients principally, dandelion, burdock, nettles, Spanish juice, etc.
Those who did not come for "Sina drink" generally went to Roger Dumphy's at Gamesley, who kept a beerhouse, and had a garden as well, which was well patronised by loving couples, because they could sit in the garden, quench their thirst with something stronger than pop, watch the bees, admire the flowers, taste the fruit, and whisper those sweet things to each other which is customary on these occasions.
Those couples who had got to a more advanced stage, when they did not care for their parents or their young brother seeing them, did not go so far out of the village, but went to Corless' pleasure gardens, which were situated on the land between the Glossop bank and Shepley Mill goyt, now occupied by the foundry and Mr Mellor's wire mattress place in George Street, a place well patronised when the fruit was ripe, as Corless gave them plenty for their money,

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Music, Whisky and more Funerals..

Music.
Glossop, like all other places that were difficult of access, was noted for its musical talent, and some of its singers were in much request in the neighbouring towns, one singer, Jack Botham of Mote ho, off Long Lane, Charlesworth, being regularly engaged at the great Musical Festivals held at York and other cathedral towns. He possessed a beautiful sweet alto voice, one that could be distinguished amongst all the others, and in consequence he was made much of by the promoters of the Festivals. He had one failing; he liked too well the nut brown ale.
He was one of the members of the Butty Brew Singers, or Concert Band. Butty, means a companion, and these companions used to practice at each other's houses when there had been a brew of beer, hence their nick-name. The band seldom returned home until the beer was all drunk, sometimes going on the spree for several days. On one occasion that a special anthem was to be sung at Mottram Church, Botham's wife was determined that John should not go, as she was afraid it meant a few day's spree, so on the Saturday night whilst John was fast asleep in bed she cautiously went upstairs collected all his clothes, and hid them.
She then stopped up late, finishing some housework, and in consequence was fast asleep when John woke up. He looked round for his clothes, but not seeing them he suspected the trick she was trying to play on him, and determined not to be beaten he went downstairs and put on his wife's stockings that she had left over the oven door, wont outside in the garden, and took the clothes off an old scarecrow, and rummaging in an old chest he found an old long overcoat of his grandfather's, which, when buttoned up, hid the deficiencies in his attire. Having had a good breakfast, and putting some food in his pocket, he set out early and got to Mottram Church before anyone was stirring.
Gaining access to the church, he crept into a dark corner in the gallery. where the singers sat, and waited patiently for the hour of service. The congregation was much surprised when they saw Botham was not in his usual place, but were amply recompensed by their supposed disappointment, for John never sang more sweetly. Nothing would induce John to come to the light until the congregation had all dispersed, when he explained to his "butties" what his wife had done, and how he had tricked her. The incident caused much amusement, and a vow by Mrs Botham that she would never repeat the experiment, for it only ended in a week's spree.

Another amusing incident is recorded of another member of this band. At one practice they were singing the "Hallelujah Chorus," and had boys holding their music and lighted candles for them. At one particular place where they were singing "Hallelujah! hallelujah! Hallelujah!" one of the candles wanted snuffing, and the singer who was looking at that particular copy of the music did not like to stop either to snuff the candle or tell the boy to do so, but instead sang out "Snuff candle! snuff candle! snuff candle!" The other singers burst out laughing, and the practice was over for that evening, as at every attempt some of them was sure to give way to mirth and set the others going.

John Botham was a member of a band nick-named the "Simmondley Tato Pie Band," which consisted of Ben Bowden, clarionet; Thomas Bowden, trombone; George Bowden, serpent ; John Wilson, clarionet; Joseph Higginbottom, serpent; John Dewsnap, French horn ; James Pyecroft, French horn; - Groves, bassoon; John Botham, drummer; and William Scholes. On one occasion the band went a "buskin'" to Doncaster races, and did very well, as everybody was amused at their eccentricities. The only tune they could play properly was one called "Tato' pie."
At Doncaster they were surprised at what they saw, and one gent invited them to tell which of three thimbles he had put a pea under, and he betted them a sum of money that they could not tell. It looked so simple, and as they were positive that they saw the man put it under one of them they all betted him, and lo! and behold there was no pea there. But he persuaded them to try again, and in their simple country innocence they did, not twice, but many times, until not one of them had a penny left, and had to return home sadder if not wiser men. They would have fared badly had it not been for Botham's singing. The "Potato pie" tune, once heard, was never asked for a second time, but Botham's singing was a treat, and they returned home better, financially, than at one time looked possible.

Whisky Distilling.
Simmondley was noted formerly not only for its pleasure garden and Potato Pie Band but also for illicit whisky distillers. One of them, Whisky Dick, was well known for miles round. He used to take spirits round to his customers in bladders, and had a good sale, being a very cautious fellow, and the police were a long time in catching him, but at last they succeeded, and a heavy fine was the result.
Chisworth and Hodge Fold were also the haunts of these defrauders of the Inland Revenue. One of them once went to Hayfield, hawking brandy. He called at a farmhouse, and after praising the pigs, poultry, and cattle, and remarking what a grand view they had from the farm, he put the question, "Are you in want of a drop of good brandy l" The farmer said "Yes, if it is cheap." "Cheap! there is none better or cheaper." "O'reet, I'll have a quart." "Have you a bottle?" "I dare say I have. Mally, bring & clean quart bottle."
The bottle being produced was filled with brandy, and the farmer took it and locked it in a cupboard, and then went to milk the cows. The sham smuggler followed him, and after watching him milk for time, said, "Mester, that brandy is 8s." The farmer looked up, and said, "If tha are not gone in two minits I'll hae thee taen up." The distiller bolted, and was seen no more in that district.

"Jam O' Jonathan's Funeral"
Jam o' Jonathan's funeral took place on the 15th of July, 1850, at the Parish Church, Glossop. James was the son of Jonathan Wood, and was fond of his beer. He owned some houses, and was fairly well to do. During his last sickness. he made arrangements that all who came to his funeral was to have a pint of beer at every public-house between his residence and his place of burial, and this becoming known, nearly all his pot-house companions turned up to pay their last respects to him and to have a few cheap pints.
Everything was carried out as he had desired, hut when the funeral got to a beerhouse called the "Willow Grove," between Smithy Bar and Wimberry Hill, someone suggested, so it is said, that they should "let the corpse sup." The coffin lid was unscrewed, a tun dish forced in his mouth, and some ale poured in. The lid was again put on, and the jovial crow staggered off to the church, but on arriving there their behaviour was so unseemly that the Vicar stopped the service, and told them to come again tomorrow when they were sober. This they did not do, and the corpse had to be buried without mourners, and the parson deprived himself of his burial fees.
Such is the story, often told, and generally believed, of Jam o' Jonathan's funeral.
(See This Article for details of Jam o' Jonathan's family and funeral).

A Stone Coffin. Some people have strange notions of death, and make queer provision for it. One of the most curious in the old parish of Glossop was by Thomas Brierley, of Mellor, who in 1833 decided to have a stone coffin made for himself; so he engaged a mason to make it, and one fine day when the mason had procured a suitable block of stone Thomas went and lay down on it. The mason made an outline of his body on the stone with "Red Raddle," took his depth, and promised to have it ready by a certain date. On the day mentioned Thomas came and got inside the coffin, but complained about it being too tight a fit about the hips, so the mason bad to enlarge it a little in that particular spot, and after again trying it Mr Brierley expressed himself satisfied with the fit. The coffin remained empty for some years, hundreds of people coming to see it, but in due time Thomas became the tenant, and no more grumbling having been heard we may conclude that the coffin was satisfactory.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; More Religion and Education..

Glossop Parish Church.
The Vicars of Glossop during the period of 1895 to 1880 were the Rev. Christopher Howe and the Rev Alexander Thomas Grist Manson; and the churchwardens elected each Easter Monday were:
1825 Henry Lees, Padfield; Samuel Shepley, Brookfield.
1826-27 John Wood, Glossop; Joseph Bennett, Tum Lee.
1828 Samuel Marsland, Best Hill; John Lees, Padfield.
1829 George White, Charlesworth; George Hadfield, Hadfield.
1830 Robert Shepley; James Bosley.
1831 Robert Shepley; Thomas Wilkinson.
1832-33 Robert Shepley; Benjamin Oates.
1834 John Hollingworth; Joshua Roberts.
1835 Benjamin Waterhouse, Glossop; Robert Shepley.
1836 Luke Bray, Hadfield; William Sheppard, Dinting.
1837-38 George Tomlinson, Glossop; Joseph Hegginbottom, Glossop.
1839 Robert Robinson, Gnat Hole; John Hegginbottom, Glossop.
1840 Joseph Hampson, Howard Town; Robert Robinson, Gnat Hole.
1841 John Beeley, Cross Cliffe; Samuel Taylor, Rose Green.
1842-43 Edward W. Thompson, Howard Town; James Sidebottom, Waterside.
1844 John Thornley; Robert Kershaw, Charlestown.
1845 James Shepley, Glossop; Samuel Wood, Howard Town.
1846 Joshua Wormald, Howard Town; .Thomas P. Wreaks, Howard Town.
1847 Joseph Oates, Howard Town; Joseph Hampson, Howard Town.
1848 Aaron Wagstaffe; John Goodison.
1849-50 Edward Leigh, Whitfield; Samuel Garside, Glossop.

The Way to Secure Good Congregations.
Some of these churchwardens had quaint notions, and adopted methods of securing a good attendance at church that would astonish the present generation. Here is a copy of an old notice which has been preserved and gives us an insight of old time methods that are now obsolete and forgotten.

Christmas Day notice

St. James's Church, Whitfield.
The first incumbent was the Rev John Teague, B.A., and the church wardens were: 1846-7 John Wood, junr., and Edward W. Thompson ; 1848-9-50 Samuel Wood and John Ball.

Bishop Lonsdale and the Gas.
Bishop Lonsdale was very fond of fresh air and always slept with his bedroom window open.
During his visit to Glossop, at the opening of the above church, he stayed with Mr John Wood, of Howard Town House, and when he retired to bed, not knowing how to turn off the gas, he simply blew it out and had be not previously opened his bedroom window as was his usual custom, there would have been a vacancy in ecclesiastical circles.

A " Witty" Schoolmaster.
Mr John Ball was the school master at Hague's Endowed School from Ang. 28th, 1844, to June 20th, 1853, when be was dismissed for misconduct. He was a man of coarse wit, his epitaphs on deceased persons being very pertinent, but unpublishable, and were in themselves quite sufficient evidence that be was not a fit and proper person to educate the young children attending the school.

Nonconformity.
The increased provision made by the leaders of the Established Church in Glossop-dale for Divine Worship and instruction was supplemented by the Nonconformist bodies, but their efforts were for many years retarded by their internal dissensions which were very bitter in this district, and finally resulted in the Tabernacle, Hall Street, and the Reformers, Howard Street, Chapels being erected.
The Glossop circuit of the Wesleyans was formed in 1834, and according to Mr Samuel Taylor in his "Echoes of Glossop-dale," the following were the ministers appointed to reside in Glossop :-
1834 Thomas Hardy, Thomas Capp.
1835 Thomas Armson, William Winterburn.
1836 Thomas Armson, Thomas Denham.
1837 John Smithson, Thos. M. Rodham.
1838 Benjamin Barrett.
1839 James Catts, Richard Stepney.
1840 Abraham Watmough, Richard Stepney.
1841 Abraham Watmough, John Mann.
1842 Abraham Watmough, John Mann.
1843 John Randerson, J. D. Brocklehurst.
1844 John Randerson, J. D. Brocklehurst.
1845 George Marsland, J. D. Brocklehurst.
1846 Thomas Hickson, Gervase Smith.
1847 Thomas Hickson, Hugh Johnson.
1848 Thomas Hickson, Hugh Johnson.
1849 John Raby, Nicholas O. Pridham.
1850 John Raby, James Ford.

The Roman Catholic priests during this period were :-
Rev. J. Barbe; Rev. B. P. Gates; Rev. Thomas Lakin; Rev. James McDonnell, and Rev. Theodore Francis Fauvel, a man who was respected by all denominations.

The Independent ministers at Littlemoor were :- Rev. George Partington, and Rev. Thomas Atkin.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; First Board of Guardians' Meeting and First Railway Timetable..

Glossop Board of Guardian's - 1st Meeting (from the “Manchester Guardian”).
"Wed. 6-12-1837. Glossop Poor Law Union .- The first meeting of the Board of Guardians for the Glossop Union was held at the Board Room of the Workhouse this day. Mr Stevens, the Poor Law Commissioner, succinctly explained the duties imposed upon the Guardians, for the purpose of carrying the Act into operation. The Guardians unanimously appointed Mr Thos. Ellison, of Glossop Hall, chairman, and Mr James Bosley, vice-chairman, of the Board and then proceeded to the appointment of the further portion of the other officers' required for the purposes of the Union, and which appointments were made unanimously. An agreement was signed by the Guardians for the purpose of making Glossop Union one entire Union for rating and settlement. Upon this agreement being ratified by the Commissioners, the Union will be so declared, and we understand will be the first Union for rating and settlement formed under the forms of the New Poor-Law Act' in England."

The names of the Guardians were :- Thomas Ellison; James Bosley; Joshua Shepley; John Kershaw, junior; John Wood, senior; Isaac Linney; Joseph Bennett, Turn Lee; John Goddard; William Platt; James Sidebottom; Samuel Shepley; Henry Lees; John Shaw.
Ludworth: Joseph Cooper, James Bradley.

The First Local Railway Timetable.
When the present Great Central Railway was opened from Broadbottom to Gamesley on the 24th of Dec., 1842, a Time Table was issued, which we think will interest our readers, and we therefore give it in full. It is simply a small card, and printed on both sides, it is as follows :-

SHEFFIELD, ASHTON-UNDER-LYNE AND MANCHESTER RAILWAY

From and after the 2nd January, 1843, the following will be the fares
and times of the departure of Trains.


Stations


From Glossop to Manchester

Fares

To Ardwick

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

a.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

p.m.

1 Cls.

2 Cls.

3 Cls.

Glossop

7 45

8 45

9 45

.....

12 00

.....

2 45

.....

5 00

6 45

2 1

1 7

1 1

Broadbottom

7 51

8 51

9 51

.....

12 06

.....

2 51

.....

5 06

6 51

1 7

1 1

0 10

Newton

8 00

9 00

10 00

11 00

12 15

2 00

3 00

4 00

5 15

7 00

1 2

0 10

0 7

Dukinfield

8 06

9 06

10 06

11 06

12 21

2 06

3 06

4 06

5 21

7 06

0 8

0 6

0 4

Ashton

8 10

9 10

10 10

11 10

12 25

2 10

3 10

4 10

5 25

7 10

0 8

0 5

0 3

Fairfield

8 16

9 16

10 16

11 16

12 31

2 16

3 16

4 16

5 31

7 16

0 7

0 4

0 2

Gorton

8 19

9 19

10 19

11 19

12 34

2 19

3 19

4 19

5 34

7 19

0 6

0 4

0 2

Ardwick

8 23

9 23

10 23

11 23

12 38

2 23

3 23

4 23

5 38

7 23

.....

.....

.....

Manchester

8 25

9 25

10 25

11 25

12 40

2 25

3 25

4 25

5 40

7 25

.....

.....

.....

SUNDAY TRAINS- Glossop to Manchester, 7-45 & 8-45 a.m.; 3-30 & 6-45 p.m.
OMNIBUS FARES to and from Ashton, 2d each; Stalybridge 4d each.
The UMPIRE COACH will leave Sheffield every morning (Sundays excepted) at half-past ten o'clock,
via Ashopton Inn, Woodlands, Snake, and Glossop, and meet the seventh train for Manchester.
FLY BOAT TO ASTON – First Cl;ass, 2d.; Second Class, 1d.

[Bradshaw and Braddock, Printers]

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Tithes, The Chartists, A Hare and a Cat, Cheaper Beef..

Tithes.
Many people do not understand why the Vicar of Glossop's income should only amount to £157 last year as compared with £300 in 1878. The income partly arises from the payment of tithes, and agricultural land having decreased in value the income of the Vicar has also gone down. Some of the tithes are of small amounts, and scarcely worth the trouble and difficulty of collecting. The Lord of the Manor and the Vicar have equal rights to the tithes, except the tithes of corn and grain. The tithes were formerly payable in kind, but an agreement was made on the 24th Oct., 1839, between the parties concerned to pay money instead. The following was the scale of payments, prior to the above date.
For every calving cow, 1½d.
For every barren cow, 1d.
If there be seven calves at a house, the impropriator and Vicar take a tithe calf, and the custom is to pay 2s 6d for it.
For a plough, 1d.
For a hay, 1d.
For a garden, 1d.
For a foal, 1d.
For a swarm of bees, 1d.
If there be seven swarms, then a tithe swarm.
For lambs, the Lord of the Manor and Vicar take a tithe lamb at seven, and a tithe lamb at fourteen. If they take a tithe lamb on any number under ten they are to allow the parishioners a ½d per lamb. If they take a lamb at fourteen, the parishioners allow them a ½d above ten. If there be fifteen, a lamb and a half. If seventeen, two lambs, and so to a greater number. If five lambs, half a lamb. If under five lambs, then a ½d a lamb.
For turkeys, ducks, and hens they are to have for every one two eggs at Easter, sending one to gather them.

The following were payable as Easter offerings :-
Every man that is or hath been married pays 2d.
All others of sixteen years of age or thereabouts pay a 1d.
Every tradesman pays for his hand 1d.
For smoke a ½d.

Much difficulty was met with in trying to obtain the tithes, disputes being of frequent occurrence, as it was almost impossible for the Vicar and the Lord of the Manor to keep a strict watch and account of the farmers stock and tithable articles.
An agreement was therefore made and two valuers appointed, and a rent charge on the land substituted, which was ratified by the Tithe Commissioners on the 28th of June, 1841. This agreement applied to the townships of Bugsworth, Chinley, and Brownside, which were all liable to tithes.

The Chartists.
The Chartists were political agitators who advocated six points of what they called "The People's Charter," hence their name.
The six points were :-
1. Universal suffrage.
2. Vote by ballot.
3. Paid representatives in Parliament.
4. Equal electoral districts.
5. Abolition of the property qualification for members of Parliament.
6. Annual Parliaments.
Their first public meeting was at Birmingham on Aug. 6th, 1838. The movement spread rapidly ; arms were manufactured and concealed ; some of the writer's ancestors had pikes and pistols hid in their cellars' ready for a general rising. Armed men met at nights and were drilled. Glossop did not escape the movement, as the following extract from the "Stockport Advertiser" will show :-
"On Dec. 20th, 1838, a Stephenite (Chartist) spinner residing at Padfield, named Garlick, called at the house of Mr Hall in Tintwistle and left a stick, as he said he was going to Wilkinson's Mill, and would call again for it. Whilst the stick was being examined it went off, striking the chair Mrs Hall was sitting on. We have been credibly informed that a number of similar instruments may be had at the house of a Stephenite beerseller in Glossop, at which place, moreover, firearms are regularly raffled for by the operatives employed in the factories there."

A Hare and a Friendly Cat.
"On Monday last (8th Nov., 1830) the following singular circumstance was witnessed by Mr Robert Shepley, of Glossop, and several persons in his employ. A hare and a cat were seen by them in a field opposite to Mr Shepley's factory playing with each other in as good fellowship as if they had been two kittens. Old grimalkin never attempted to hurt the hare in the least; and when it ran away for a short distance, the hare did not discover any desire to get rid of its company, but ran after the cat, knocked it down in the grass and rolled over it, and in that manner they were knocking each other about for nearly half an hour, when they were frightened away by the persons who had been watching them." - "Manchester Guardian."

Cheaper Beef.
In the "Manchester Guardian" of June 18th. 1842, we find the following :-
"Strike Against Butchers' Meat. - Last week a meeting of the working classes was convened between Hadfeld and Glossop for the purpose of taking into consideration the propriety of abstaining from the use of butchers' meat until it could be purchased at a very reduced price. The meeting was held by the roadside; and attended by about 500 labouring people. The business, however, appeared not to have been well matured, and the meeting was about to break up without coming to any resolution on the subject they had met to consider, when it was proposed to subscribe amongst themselves for the purchase of live stock, and to employ a man to buy, kill, and sell for them. This was agreed to, but it is supposed will not be carried into effect, as few. of the working classes are said to be able to buy meat at any price."
It would be interesting to know if the experiment was carried out, and if so, with what results. Probably some of our readers may be able to inform us.

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Glossop 1825 to 1850; Lords of the Manor, Hague's Endowed School, Schoolmasters..

Lords of the Manor.
The Lord of the Manor of Glossop in 1825 was Bernard Edward Howard, of Fornham, Suffolk, who was born at Sheffield Nov. 21st, 1765. He married April 4th, 1789, Lady Elizabeth Belasyse, the third daughter and co-heiress of Henry, last Earl of Fauconberg by whom be had one son, Henry Charles, born Aug. 9th, 1791. Bernard Edward Howard succeeded to the Glossop Estates on the death of his father, Henry Howard, Esq., Nov. 11th, 1787, and became the 12th Duke of Norfolk on the death of Charles the 11th Duke, Dec. 15th, 1815, who died without issue. Bernard, the 1sth Duke, took his seat in the House of Lords after the passing of the Roman Catholic Relief Bill April 28th, 1829, and was elected a Knight of the Garter Aug. 18th, 1834. He was & nobleman of the most amiable and unaffected character, and although a Roman Catholic contributed largely to the Established Church.
He died at St. James's Square, London, March 16th, 1842, aged 76. He is still spoken of by old Glossopians as "the old Duke."
He was the 12th Duke of Norfolk (title created A.D. 1483); Earl of Arundel (A.D. 1130); Earl of Surrey (A.D. 1483); Earl of Norfolk (A.D. 1644); Baron Fitz-Alan, Clun and Oswaldestre, and Maltravers (by writ (A.D. 1380); The Premier Duke and Earl in the Peerage of England next the Blood Royal; Hereditary Earl Marshal of England, Knight of the Garter, a Privy Councillor, Fellow of the Royal Society, and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquarians.

The Duke took very great interest in Glossop, and was desirous of making Glossop a model town. To him we owe the erection of the Town Hall. Had he lived longer to see his ideas carried out Glossop would have been laid out in a different manner to what it is. He erected the Roman Catholic Chapel in 1836 at a cost of £3,000: He was succeeded by Henry Charles, the 13th Duke of Norfolk, sometimes called, locally, "the Protestant Duke." He early showed by his acts that he followed in his father's foot steps by carrying out a generous policy with regard to the Glossop Estates. He built the branch railway to enable the Glossop manufacturers to compete with their rival manufacturers in neighbouring towns, and being the patron impropriator of the Parish Church he repaired the chancel, took down some old houses in the churchyard, and built the present Duke of Norfolk Day and Church Sunday Schools. He obtained a Market Act, and built the market, which was opened on the 19th of July, 1845, and established a fair for cattle on the 6th of May. Under his patronage a Savings Bank was established April 3rd, 1844, which has done much to foster a spirit a spirit of carefulness and thrift amongst the inhabitants. He improved the well at "Town End," laid out Norfolk Square, took down the old house occupied by his estate agent, Mr Michael Ellison, and built the recent mansion, Glossop Hall.

He was always willing to do anything reasonable that would benefit the village (it was not then incorporated) in any way, and when it became known that the Duke of Norfolk, the Duchess, Lord and Lady Foley (their son-in-law and daughter), Lord Howard and his sister, Lady Adeliza, intended to pay a visit to Glossop, it can scarcely be wondered at that there was a certain amount of excitement over the event. A public meeting was therefore held-in the Town Hall, Aug.19th, 1850, and it was unanimously resolved to present an address to his Grace. The Duke and party arrived by special train from Manchester the same day, and it was arranged that a deputation should meet them in the Town Hall on the Wednesday following. This was done, and the deputation consisted of the Rev. Dr. Manson, the Vicar of Glossop, Rev. Theodore Fauvel, Messrs William Sidebottom, John Wood, senior, Edmund Potter, Francis James Sumner, Edward Leigh, and John Ball. The deputation was very kindly received, and Dr. Manson read the address to which the Duke returned a suitable reply, hinting that his visits to Glossop would be more frequent. A general conversation then took place upon the improvements in the district, farming, building, and the advantages of the railway in giving access to the coal districts, and other interesting matters.

Hague's Endowed School.
In 1838 the Trustees of this School were John White, Esq., Mr John Bennett, Mr Thomas Harrison, Mr James Bowden, and Mr Robert Hall. Two of the old trustees having died, viz., Mr Thomas Thornley and Mr John Nield, two others were, on June 11th, elected, these being Mr Joseph Bennett, joiner, Whitfield, and Mr Robert Shepley, junr., cotton manufacturer, Glossop. At this meeting Mr William Platt, of Hadfield Lodge, was chosen to assist the trustees in the distribution of "Hague's Charity." On Jan.16th, 1843, Mr John Thornley, junr., of Chisworth, coal merchant, was elected trustee instead of Mr John Harrison, deceased. Mr John Bennett was also appointed treasurer.

Mr John Dearnaley, the schoolmaster, died Jan. 4th, 1843. There were five applications for the vacancy, and at a meeting of the trustees Feb. 20th, 1843, Mr Bennett, junr., Mr Bennett, senior, Mr Harrison. Mr Moses Hadfield, and Mr White supported Mr John Ball's application, whilst Mr Thornley, Mr Shepley, and Mr Bowden voted for Mr James Bosley. The minority would not consent to Mr Ball being the schoolmaster, and therefore the meeting had to be adjourned until March 6th. Evidence was brought before the trustees, and the following resolution was the result :- "Mr John Ball's character morally and generally not being such as to justify the trustees in electing him as Master of Whitfield School, Mr James Bosley is appointed." Mr Bosley unfortunately did not hold his position long, for he died May 29th, 1844. The following proclamation was then made in the Parish Church :- "By order of the Trustees of Whitfield School, notice is hereby given that a meeting of the said Trustees will be held at the school at Whitfield on Wednesday, the 26th day of June next, at eleven o'clock in the forenoon, for the appointment of a schoolmaster in the place of the late Mr James Bosley .- JOHN WHITE, Chairman, Whitfield, June 10th, 1844."

No suitable applications being made for the vacancy, the Rev. John Adamson, Independent minister, Charlesworth, tried to obtain a master, and as one was urgently required the trustees were on Aug. 28th, 1844, forced to accept Mr John Ball and appoint him. With the increase of population the school for some years had proved inadequate in its accommodation, and as the trustees had not sufficient funds in hand to make any enlargements, they were obliged to apply to the Poor Law Commissioners for permission to sell a portion of the land bequeathed by Mr Hague. Authority having been obtained, three-quarters of an acre of land at Low Leighton was sold to the Hayfield Union for £179 18s 10½d, including interest. Of this sum £96 7s was expended in enclosing common land at Ollersett Moor, d. and the remainder on the enlargement of the school, which consisted of the addition of another storey, etc. which had been decided on at a meeting July 27th, 1842. Mr John Wood, junior, was elected a trustee Ang 10th, 1847, instead of Moses Hadfield, deceased.

Schoolmasters.
In 1846 the education of the children in Glossop was being undertaken by the following :- Thomas Bailey, Dinting School; James Beebee, Little Moor; John Garlick, Little Moor; John Ball, Whitfield; Samuel Roberts, Glossop Church; George McMannamy, Glossop Roman Catholic (boys); Catherine Ellison, Glossop Roman Catholic (girls); Samuel Daykin, Charlesworth; Joash Middleton, Charlesworth; Joseph Henry Ferrand, Primitive Methodists, Green Vale; John Sellers, Glossop Wesleyan and John Goodwin, Hadfield Wesleyan.

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Last updated: 8 January 2024